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Ellis County Paramedic Students > A&P Chapter 11 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

A hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland; also called thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Thyrotropin

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2
Q

A hormone released from the hypothalamus that influences the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone; stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

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3
Q

Male sex hormones

A

Androgens

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4
Q

A cell, group of cells, or an organ that selectively removes concentrates, or alters materials in the blood and secretes them back into the body

A

Glands

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5
Q

One of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland; it is essential for normal growth and development in children as well as regulation of body metabolism

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

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6
Q

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland that functions as a biological clock, helping to regulate the circadian rhythms

A

Melatonin

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7
Q

A hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland; also called thyrotropin

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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8
Q

Specialized neurons in the brain that regulate the secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Osmoreceptors

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9
Q

A hormone released by the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle; it is one of three major female hormones

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones

A

Endocrine System

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11
Q

Glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine Glands

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12
Q

Synthetic androgens used to increase muscle mass

A

Anabolic Steroids

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13
Q

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

A

Neurohormones

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14
Q

One of three divisions of the adrenal cortex; it produces mineralocorticoids

A

Zona Glomerulosa

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15
Q

The most important corticosteroid secreted by the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex, it has many effects on the body

A

Cortisol

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16
Q

An enzyme that is activated by glucagon; it breaks triglycerides down into free fatty acids and glycerol

A

Hormone-Sensitive Lipase

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17
Q

Negative feedback resulting in the decrease of an action in the body

A

Feedback Inhibition

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18
Q

Hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence the Inhibition of prolactin

A

Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormones

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19
Q

One of three divisions of the adrenal cortex; it secretes a few relatively weak male sex hormones, or androgens

A

Zona Reticularis

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20
Q

A condition often caused by pituitary dysfunction that is associated with production of large volumes of dilute urine and in which patients experience intense thirst

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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21
Q

The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

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22
Q

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure; also called antidiuretic hormone

A

Vasopressin

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23
Q

Hormones that affect early production and differentiation of lymphocytes

A

Thymosins

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24
Q

The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones; also called testicles

A

Testes

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25
Q

Compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels; also called releasing factors

A

Inhibiting Factors

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26
Q

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland; constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure, and also is responsible for adjustments to the final composition of urine by causing ducts in the kidney to become more permeable to water; also called vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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27
Q

Enlarged visible mass in the anterior part of the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

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28
Q

A major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress; regulates the secretion of corticosteroids

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

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29
Q

The space behind the peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneum

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30
Q

Any of several steroids secreted by the adrenal gland

A

Corticosteroids

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31
Q

Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature

A

Hormones

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32
Q

Denoting self-stimulation through cellular production of a factor and a specific receptor for it

A

Autocrine

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33
Q

Small cavity glands within the thyroid gland that contain thyroglobulin

A

Follicles

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34
Q

A band of tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Isthmus

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35
Q

Hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital in the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level

A

Insulin

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36
Q

One of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it is an extension of the central nervous system and secretes hormones called neurohormones; also called the posterior pituitary

A

Neurohypophysis

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37
Q

A protein to which thyroid hormones are bound

A

Thyroglobulin

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38
Q

Proteins produced in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary that have the same effects as opiate drugs, such as morphine, but are 80 times more potent

A

Beta-Endorphins

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39
Q

A protein synthesized in the liver that binds to hormones T3 and T4

A

Thyroxine-Binding Globulin

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40
Q

One of two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland; it is essential for normal growth and development in children, as well as regulation of body metabolism

A

Tetraiodothyronine

41
Q

A group of hormone-like fatty acids that are produced in many body tissues, including the uterus, brain, and kidneys

A

Prostaglandins

42
Q

Hormones secreted by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands that play an important role in metabolism and inhibit inflammation

A

Glucocorticoids

43
Q

Secretes the hormone melatonin in response to changes in light conditions

A

Pineal Gland

44
Q

A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands resulting in obesity, abnormal hair growth, hig blood pressure, emotional disturbances, and cushingoid facies or the so-called “moon-face”

A

Cushing Syndrome

45
Q

Hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands; it maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood and normal neuromuscular function

A

Parathyroid Hormone

46
Q

A hormone that plays an important role in milk production in women

A

Prolactin

47
Q

One of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it is an extension of the central nervous system and produces hormones called neurohormones; also called the neurohypophysis

A

Posterior Pituitary (Lobe)

48
Q

Potentially life-threatening low blood calcium levels resulting from loss of parathyroid function

A

Hypocalcemia

49
Q

Hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence the release of prolactin

A

Prolactin-Releasing Hormones

50
Q

Hormone that stimulates growth in many tissues, especially of long bones in the extremities; also called growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

51
Q

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone

A

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone

52
Q

Overactivity of the thyroid gland, which results in increased metabolic rates, with loss, rapid pulse rate, elevated blood pressure, diarrhea, and at times, abnormal protrusion of the eyes

A

Hyperthyroidism

53
Q

Four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of the thyroid, they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid Glands

54
Q

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone; also called somatostatin

A

Growth Hormone Release-Inhibiting Hormone

55
Q

The major androgen produced by the testes

A

Testosterone

56
Q

Associated with environmental day and night cycles; these rhythms help the body to distinguish day from night

A

Circadian Rhythms

57
Q

A long polymer from which glucose is converted in the liver; also called animal starch

A

Glycogen

58
Q

A condition that results in a loss of calcium from the bones, as well as increases in serum calcium levels, caused by excess secretion of parathyroid hormones

A

Hyperparathyroidism

59
Q

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone; also called growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone

A

Somatostatin

60
Q

Cells located between the follicles in the thyroid gland that produce the hormone calcitonin

A

Parafollicular Cells

61
Q

A specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced

A

Islets of Langerhans

62
Q

One of the three major female hormones that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone during the first 8 weeks of gestation

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

63
Q

A disorder caused by chronic overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland that is characterized by a gradual and permanent enlargement of the flat bones (the lower jaw) and of the hands and feet, abdominal organs, nose, lips, and tongue; also called gigantism

A

Acromegaly

64
Q

A steroid sex hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, testes, and ovaries

A

Androstenedione

65
Q

A large endocrine gland that is located at the base of the neck and produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolism

A

Thyroid Gland

66
Q

The reproductive glands

A

Gonads

67
Q

A hormone released from the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle; it is one of three major female hormones

A

Estrogen

68
Q

A hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that helps to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

69
Q

One of two main hormones responsible for adjustments to the final composition of urine; increases the rate of active reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood and decreases reabsorption of potassium

A

Aldosterone

70
Q

Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket

A

Exophthalmos

71
Q

Hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

72
Q

A hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus to contract and milk to be released from the breasts of lactating women

A

Oxytocin

73
Q

The concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again; also called feedback inhibition

A

Negative Feedback

74
Q

A specialized set of blood vessels that carry releasing factors from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System

75
Q

One of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it produces hormones that are not neurohormones; also called the adenohypophysis

A

Anterior Pituitary (Lobe)

76
Q

A hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that helps to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

77
Q

Acute adrenocortical insufficiency

A

Addisonian Crisis

78
Q

Relating to a kind of hormone function in which the effects of the hormone are restricted to the local environment

A

Paracrine

79
Q

Compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels; also called inhibiting factors

A

Releasing Factors

80
Q

One of three divisions of the adrenal cortex; it produces corticosteroids

A

Zona Fasciculata

81
Q

Painful muscle spasms that result from several conditions, including a low blood calcium level

A

Tetany

82
Q

A process that stimulates both the liver and the kidneys to produce glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules

A

Gluconeogenesis

83
Q

Cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin

A

Beta Cells

84
Q

À hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that is important in the regulation of calcium levels in the body

A

Calcitonin

85
Q

A condition that results in excess secretion of aldosterone, most commonly caused by a benign tumor

A

Conn Syndrome

86
Q

Cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete glucagon

A

Alpha Cells

87
Q

Hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level; it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

A

Glucagon

88
Q

Glands that secrete chemicals for elimination

A

Exocrine Glands

89
Q

A disease that results from impaired production of insulin by the pancreas

A

Diabetes Mellitus

90
Q

The gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body; also called the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

91
Q

The concept that once the desired effect of the hormone begins, further production of the hormone is stimulated

A

Positive Feedback

92
Q

A hormone that stimulates growth in most tissues, especially of long bones in the extremities; also called somatotropin

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

93
Q

One of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it produces hormones that are not neurohormones; also called the anterior pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

94
Q

Hormones produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex that are important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body

A

Mineralocorticoids

95
Q

The outer layer of the adrenal gland, it produces hormones that are important in regulating the water and salt balance of the body

A

Adrenal Cortex

96
Q

The part of the neuroendocrine system that involves interactions of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

97
Q

The female reproductive organs that produce egg precursors, or oocytes

A

Ovaries

98
Q

Proteins produced in the liver, skeletal muscle, and other tissues that are stimulated by growth hormone

A

Somatomedins

Ellis County Paramedic Students (12 decks)

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