A&P 2 L5 Flashcards
What are the 2 factors that have the primary effect on the composition of the urine:
Diet and Exercise
ADH is produced by what structure in the body
Hypothalamus
things we don’t want in the urine
Blood, Glucose, Protein, Bacteria
Sugar in the urine
Glucosuria
Hormone released when body is dehydrated
ADH- Anti-Diurectic Horomone
Hollow chamber located inside the medial depression of the kidney
Renal sinus
The entrance to the renal sinus is called
Hilum
Name the expanded superior end of the ureter
Renal pelvis
What are the functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
The renal ______ lies between adjacent renal pyramids
Columns
Where is the hormone erythropoietin produced
Kidneys
What is the functions of erythropoietin
Helps control the rate of RBC formation
What is renin
An enzyme
What is the function of renin
Help regulate BP
What are the 2 major region of the kidney
Medulla & cortex
Urine is primarily composed of
Water
Name substances that are reabsorbed in the nephrons
Glucose; a.a; NaCl; Cl; water
ADH is secreted when the body is
Dehydrated
The 1st portion of a nephron is called
Renal corpuscle; renal capsule; bowmans capsule
The final portion of a nephron is known as
Collecting duct
Renal veins join the ______ that carries the blood back to the heart
Inferior vena cava
After end arterioles carry blood to the ______ of each nephron
Glomerulus
What is urea
By-product of an animo acid catabolism
Movement of materials from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule occurs in the ______ phase of urine formation
Secretion
Tubular organs that run from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are
Ureters
What is the triangular area that form the 3 openings in the urinary bladder
Trigone
What are the 3 openings in the urinary bladder
2 ureter; 1 urethra
What is another word for urination
Micturition
Which of the sphincters located in the urinary bladder is composed of voluntary muscle
External sphincter
The tubular organ running from the urinary bladder to the outside is called
Urethra
What are the major arteries that deliver blood to the kidneys
Renal arteries
3 phases of urine production
Filtration; reabsorption; secretion
Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidneys
Renal capsule
The ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow when the arterial blood pressure changes is called
Autoregulation
What is autoregulation
The ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow when the arterial blood pressure changes
Glucose in the urine is called
Glucosuria
What are some methods of passive transport?
Simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion; osmosis; filtration
ADH is produced in the
Hypothalamus
How many layers does the urinary bladder have
4
What are the layers of the urinary bladder
E.T; 2smooth muscles; C.T
What are the 2 smooth muscles in the urinary bladder called
Detrusor muscle
What kind of reflex is micturition reflex
Simple reflex
What are the baroreceptors located in the urinary bladder
Lines the walls
What system/s/ is the urethra in male & female
Male: reproductive & urinary
Female: urinary only
What causes the sense of urgency
Micturition reflex
What type of E.T is in the urinary bladder
Transitional
How many layers does the ureter consist of
3
What are the 2 sphincters in the urinary system and where are the located
Internal urethra sphincter- top of urethra; between bladder & urethra
External urethra sphincter- below the internal urethra sphincter
How many mL could the urinary bladder hold
600
What is normal amount of urine in the bladder
150-250 mL
What goes under pressure changes
Urinary bladder
What is a urethra orrfice
Opening to the outside
What is incontinental
Can’t control sphincter
What is limited transport capacity
Amount of a material that can be transported is limited by the numbers of protein carriers available
What stores and releases ADH
Posterior lobe of the pituitary
Name the parts of the nephrons in order closest to the glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule; loop of henle; distal convoluted tubule; collecting duct
What moves the urine thru the kidneys
Renal pyramids
What is normally found in urine
Creatine, creatinine, urea, Uric acid, water, mucus, traces of amino acids, traces of electrolytes
Compare passive & active transport
Active: require energy; against the concentration gradient; require protein carriers; endocytosis/exocytosis
Passive: no energy require; with the concentration gradient; no protein carriers required EXCEPT for facilitated diffusion; osmosis/hydrostatic pressure/osmosis/facilitated diffusion
What filters blood in the kidneys
Nephrons
4 distinct structures in the urinary system
Kidneys; ureters; urinary bladder; urethra
What are calyces
Branches
Kidney stones form in the
Renal pelvis
Characteristics of kidney stones
Jagged and calcium based stones
The 3rd layer of CT for protection &
Attaching to tissues to hold it in place
Bladder most sensitive to pressure changes
Pregnant woman
Finger like projections; empties urine into renal pelvis
Renal papillae
All blood that leaves the kidney does so through the renal vein then to the inferior vena cava
Renal vein
Supplies blood to the the kidneys; comes off the abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Made cortex material that extends down into the medulla
Renal columns
Middle section of the kidneys
Renal medulla
Groups of tubes that carries urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
Superior ends of ureters; it enters the kidney it branches; branches referred to as the renal pelvis
Renal pelvis
What percentage of our blood if filtered per day by the kidneys
10-20%
When your body doesn’t produce enough insulin it result in
Glucosuria
The amount of material our body can move in an _______ is limited by the number of carriers
Active transport
reabsorption stage takes place in the
Renal tubule
The reabsorption stage saves ______ material from the renal tubule & sends it where
Peritubular capillary
Where is the glomerulus located
Renal capsule
Secretion stage takes place in the
Renal tubule
Secretion stage gets rid of
Materials we don’t want from the blood into the filtrate
Peritubular capillary to the renal tube
Secretion stage
Filtration occurs in the
Renal capsule
The substance is filtered from capillary bed into the renal tubule
Filtrate
What percentage is considered dehydrated
1-2%
What is the minimum of mL of urine that should be produced by the kidneys per hour
30
What sits on top the kidneys
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are part of what system
Endocrine
Carries blood toward the renal capsule
Afferent arterial
Ball of capillaries is called
Glomerulus
Function of glomerulus
Filter & exchange material
What carries blood away from the glomerulus
Efferent arterial
The efferent arterial gets out the capsule and turns into what
Peritubular capillary
The peritubular capsule runs around the entire what
Renal tubule
After the peritubular capillary it turns into a
Venule
Extends into the renal medulla; cortex material; filler substance/protect pyramids
Renal column
Carries urine from the nephrons to renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
Supplies the kidneys with used blood that is not filtered yet
Suprarenal artery
Every bit of blood enters where
Renal artery
What is the structure that is before the renal artery where blood passes thru
Abdominal aorta
Once the blood leaves the renal artery it enters the kidneys then leaves thru the______ then ________
Renal vein; inferior vena cava
Removes certain things out of the blood
Filtration
Kidney stones found in
Renal pelvis
Functions of kidneys
Removal of metabolic waste from blood (filter blood)
Excretion of waste as urine
Helps control RBCs with erythropoietin hormone
Helps regulate BP by secreting renin (vasoconstriction/ vasodilation)
Helps absorption of calcium ions by activating Vitamin D
Helps regulate Volume, Composition, & pH
