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College of the Mainland Class Notes > A&P 1 L 5 > Flashcards

A&P 1 L 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)

A

Elevation

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1
Q

Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders)

A

Depression

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2
Q

Moving a part backward (pulling the chin backward)

A

Retraction

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3
Q

Moving a part forward (thrusting the chin forward)

A

Protraction

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4
Q

Turning the foot so the sole faces medially

A

Inversion

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5
Q

Turning the foot so the sole faces laterally

A

Eversion

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6
Q

Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

Pronation

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7
Q

Turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

Supination

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8
Q

Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand

A

Circumduction

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9
Q

Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side).

A

Rotation

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10
Q

Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body)

A

Adduction

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11
Q

Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body)

A

Abduction

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12
Q

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward)

A

Plantar flexion

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13
Q

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward)

A

Dorsiflexion

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14
Q

Excess extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position)

A

Hyperextension

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15
Q

Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening the lower limb at the knee)

A

Extension

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16
Q

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending lower limb at the knee)

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Muscle primarily responsible for a particular movement

A

Prime mover

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18
Q

What muscle helps the prime mover

A

Synergistic muscles

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19
Q

What muscle resist the prime mover and stabilizes the muscle

A

Antagonist

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20
Q

Joint capsule of a synovial joint is called a

A

Bursa

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21
Q

What is the fluid that serves as the best lubricant

A

Synovial fluid

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22
Q

Moveable end of a joint

A

Insertion

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23
Q

The non moveable end is known as? Also known as?

A

Origin/fixed

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24
Q

2+ bones come together to form a joint

A

Articulation

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25
Q

Muscles are found in

A

Groups

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26
Q

What type of tissue is found around synovial joints

A

C.T

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27
Q

Binds muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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28
Q

When fascia comes together it forms what

A

Tendons

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29
Q

What separates individual muscles into groups

A

Fascis

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30
Q

What muscle surrounds the muscle to form a bundle

A

Aponeuroses

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31
Q

What divides the muscle inside the muscle

A

Paramycium

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32
Q

The expanded pouch on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is called a

A

Cristernae

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33
Q

What allows the nervous impulses to enter a muscle cell

A

T. Tubes (transverse tubules)

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34
Q

Unit of contraction

35
Q

cisternae stores what

36
Q

What are the 2 proteins of a myofibrils

A

Actin & myosin

37
Q

What is the protein of a muscle called

A

Myofibrils

38
Q

The muscle membrane is called

A

Sarcolemma

39
Q

The plasm in the muscle fiber is called

A

Sarcoplasm

40
Q

Little groups in the paramycium is called

41
Q

Extensions that covers each individual muscle for more protection

42
Q

Covers the muscle cell

A

Endomycium

43
Q

What is the most important mineral for muscle contraction

44
Q

Myo & sarco means

45
Q

An active cell contains a lot of what

A

Mitochondria & ribosomes

46
Q

Structure of myosin; amount

A

Thick; 2/3

47
Q

Structure of actin; amount

48
Q

A muscle cell is also called at what and why

A

Fiber; they are so long

49
Q

Sheets of what type of connective tissue covers the muscle

50
Q

What is the function of SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Transportation

51
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: a tumor composed of a muscle tissue

52
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: crippling disease that progressively & gradually weakens & atrophies muscle

A

Muscular dystrophy

53
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: prolonged muscle spasm

54
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: involuntary contraction of muscles

A

Convulsion

55
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: pain resulting from any muscular disease or disorder

56
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: chronic disease; muscles easily fatigued due to a disorder at some neuromuscular junctions
Causes the improper transmission of stimuli

A

Myasthenia gravis

57
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: rapid & uncoordinated contractions of individual muscle fibers that occur spontaneously

A

Fibrillation

58
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: loss of the ability to move a body part

59
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: partial or slight paralysis of the muscle

60
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: persistent quivering of a muscle

61
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: degenerative disease in which skeletal muscle is replaced by fibrous connective tissue

62
Q

Muscular disease/disorders: the study of muscles

63
Q

Loss of muscle’s ability to contract

A

Muscle fatigue

64
Q

Can result from muscle fatigue; lack of ATP; Lactic acid build-up

A

Muscle Cramp

65
Q

When muscle goes anaerobic it produces lactic acid called

A

Oxygen debt

66
Q

When the body clear up lactic acid from body is called

A

Repaid oxygen debt

67
Q

What the the order of oxygen debt

A

Goes anaerobic-> lactic acid–> transfer thru blood —> liver-> pyruvic acid (glucose)

68
Q 
Requires ATP in large amounts
ATPase (ATP->ADP)
Stored glycogen
Creating phosphate 
Myoglobin
A

Skeletal muscle

69
Q

Muscular responses: Minimal strength of stimulation needed to cause a contraction

A

Threshold srimulus

70
Q

Muscular responses: No partial contractions of a muscle fibers

A

All or none

71
Q

Muscular responses: Muscles shorten when they contract; attached ends pull closer together

A

Isotonic contraction

72
Q

Muscular responses: Skeletal muscle contracts; but doesn’t change in length

A

Isometric contraction

73
Q

Muscular responses: Gives us posture (certain muscles that stay in a partial muscle contraction)

A

Tonus (muscle tone)

74
Q

Muscular responses: What is tetanic contraction

A

Seizures rapid contractions

75
Q

What muscle moves blood to veins

A

Skeletal muscles

76
Q

Major source of body heat

A

Skeletal muscle

77
Q

Heat is transported by what

78
Q

When heat is transported by blood it helps ______________

A

Maintain body temperature

79
Q

Lactic acid causes pH changes so the muscle fibers

A

No longer responsive to stimulation

80
Q

Pigment synthesized in muscle cells; readily combines with & stores oxygen

81
Q

Enzyme in mitochondria that promotes synthesis of ___________; energy derived from ATP stored within bonds of ___________

A

Creatine phosphokinase

82
Q

Primary source of energy available to regenerate ATP from ADP & phosphate

A

Creatine phosphate

83
Q

Decomposes ATP to ADP & phosphate; releases energy

A

Myosin contains ATPase

84
Q

Muscle has a supply of glucose in the form of stored what

College of the Mainland Class Notes (19 decks)

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