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College of the Mainland Class Notes > A&P 1 L 6 > Flashcards

A&P 1 L 6 Flashcards

0
Q

The wall of the axon is made up of a group of cells called__________ (w/ same breaks in the same places)

A

Schwann Cells

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1
Q

Cytoplasm of a neuron is called

A

Neuroplasm

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2
Q

Bigger axons have another covering over the Schwann cells called ___________ (w/ the same breaks in the same places)

A

Myelin sheath

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3
Q

The entire neuron is covered by the outer membrane called the___________ (w/ no breaks)

A

Neuralemma

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4
Q

What are the 5 P’s of stress?

A

Physical, physiological, pathological, psychological, psychosocial

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5
Q

What carries impulses to the brain & spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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6
Q

What carries impulses to the effectors

A

Motor neurons

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7
Q

Which nervous system is voluntary & involves the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic N.S

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8
Q

What nervous system is involuntary & involves the heart, glands, smooth muscles

A

Autonomic N.S

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9
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

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10
Q

Restorative activates

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

5 P’s of stress: skipping meals (hypoglycemia)

A

Physiological

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12
Q

5 P’s of stress: can’t take test when ill

A

Pathological

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13
Q

5 P’s of stress: can’t take test

A

Psychological

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14
Q

5 P’s of stress: peer pressure

A

Psychosocial

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15
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

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16
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: stimulates the secretion of milk in mammals

A

Prolactin

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17
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: stimulates cells in the thyroid glands & produces/releases hormones (tropic hormone)

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH)

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18
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: carbohydrate regulation (tropic hormones)

A

Adrenocorticatropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: promotes the development of follicules that contains eggs (gonadotropin hormones)

A

Follicule Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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20
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: works in conjunction with FSH for growth of follicule (gonadotropin hormone)

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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21
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropic hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Follicule Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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22
Q

Pituitary gland: Intermediate lobe: in many vertebrate, stimulates color change & function is unknown in man

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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23
Q

What part of the pituitary gland stores & releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior lobe

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24
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System?

A

Sensory,integrative, & motor

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25
Q

3 functions of N.S: Ability to sense changes inside & outside the body

A

Sensory

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26
Q

3 functions of N.S: determining the correct response to a stimulus

A

Integrative

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27
Q

3 functions of N.S: effect glands/muscles

A

Motor

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28
Q

Lack of iodine

A

Goiter

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29
Q

Lack of thyroxine in children that could lead to severe mental/physical retardation

A

Cretinism

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30
Q

Too little thyroxine

A

Hypothyroidism

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31
Q

Too much thyroxine

A

Hyperthyroidism

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32
Q

Master gland of the body (located base of the brain)

A

Pituitary gland

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33
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior lobe, intermediate lobe & posterior

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34
Q

What are the 2 hormones produced by the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine & calcitonin

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35
Q

What 5 hormones are produced by the hypothalamus

A

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH), Somatotropin Releasing Hormone, Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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36
Q

Hypothalamus hormone: stimulates the release to TSH from the pituitary gland

A

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

37
Q

Hypothalamus hormone: controls the release of LH & FSH

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH)

38
Q

Hypothalamus hormone: inhibits the release of somatotropin

A

Somatostatin Releasing Hormone

39
Q

Hypothalamus hormone: uterine contractions at childbirth & letting down of milk

A

Oxytocin

40
Q

Hypothalamus hormone: increases the permeability of nephrons to water & increases blood pressure in many vertebrates

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

41
Q

What 2 hormones of the hypothalamus are stored & release by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

42
Q

Thyroid Gland hormone: accelerates rate of cellular metabolism

A

Thyroxine

43
Q

Thyroid gland hormone: inhibits the release of calcium ions from bones

A

Calcitonin

44
Q

What 2 glands produced somatostatin?

A

Hypothalamus & pancreas

45
Q

What gland produces the parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

A

Parathyroid glands

46
Q

The pineal gland produce

A

Melatonin

47
Q

The smallest endocrine gland

A

Pineal gland

48
Q

Regulation of dark/light cycle (sleep during the night & awake during the day) :[circadian rhythm]

A

Melatonin

49
Q

Resetting your biological clock

A

Entrainment

50
Q

What are the 2 gonads

A

Testes & ovaries

51
Q

Every male hormones are

A

Androgen

52
Q

Every female hormone are

A

Estrogens

53
Q

The cranial & spinal nerves are pat of what division of the nervous system

A

Peripheral N.S

54
Q

What specific division of the nervous system controls the voluntary or skeletal muscles

A

Somatic N.S

55
Q

Where are the nissl bodies found?

A

In the neuroplasm of the neurons

56
Q

What is the function of a nissl body

A

Transport materials

57
Q

Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath are known as

A

Nodes of ranvier

58
Q

Unmyelinated nerve tissue appears what color

A

Gray

59
Q

What type of neurological cells help support neurons & phagocytize bacterial cells & cellular debris

A

Microglia

60
Q

If the cytoplasm of a neuron is positively charge with respect to the extracellular fluid surrounding it, a what potential exists

A

Action or electrical

61
Q

The junction between 2 neurons is called

A

Synapse

62
Q

Acetylcholine is the most common what

A

Neurotransmitter

63
Q

Afferent neurons are also known as what neurons

A

Sensory

64
Q

Where is cholinesterase produced

A

Dendrites

65
Q

What is meant by “saltatory conduction”

A

The jumping of a nervous impulse from node to node

66
Q

What gland is considered to be the “master glands” of the body

A

Pituitary gland

67
Q

An action potential is always carried toward the cell body of a neuron by

A

Dendrites

68
Q

A reflex arc always begin with what & end with what

A

Receptor; effector

69
Q

The effector is

A

Muscle & glands

70
Q

Where is an inter neuron or association neuron located

A

Brain or spinal cord (CNS)

71
Q

What specific division of the N.S is responsible for the “fight or flight” response

A

Sympathetic

72
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for the coordination of the body

A

Cerebellum

73
Q

Glands that secrete their products into ducts are known as what glands

A

Exocrine

74
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland stores and secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus

A

Posterior lobe

75
Q

The hormone calcitonin is produced and secreted by what gland

A

Thyroid

76
Q

What hormone is secreted in response to hypoglycemia and which gland secretes it

A

Glucagon; pancreas

77
Q

Melatonin is produced by which gland

A

Pineal gland

78
Q

Male sex hormones are collectively called

A

Androgens

79
Q

Prostaglandins are unlike hormones because that are composed of

A

Fatty acids

80
Q

Reflex arc is a

A

Defense mechanism

81
Q

What is the order of the reflex arc

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Inter neuron
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
82
Q

What can conduct nervous impulses

A

Neurons

83
Q

What support neurons in the central N.S “only”

A

Neuroglial cells

84
Q

What are very small in size compared to neurons, scattered thru out the CNS & more than neurons

A

Neuroglial cells

85
Q

4 types of neuroglial shapes: star-shaped

A

Astrocytes

86
Q

4 types of neuroglial shapes: along the axon & help produce myelin sheath

A

Oligoderdrocytes

87
Q

4 types of neuroglial shapes: scavenger cells & phagocytic

A

Microglia

88
Q

4 types of neuroglial shapes: cube—-> columns & line ventricles in the brain & spinal column

A

Ependyma

89
Q

What are the 3 functions of astrocytes

A

Regulate ion concentration, form scar tissue & feed neurons

90
Q

What can’t mature nucleuses undergo

A

Mitosis

College of the Mainland Class Notes (19 decks)

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