A&P 1.9 Flashcards
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
List the different types
- Plane/gliding
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Saddle
- Ball and socket
- Condylar
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe plane/gliding joints
- flat articulating surfaces that permit the simplest kind of movement (side-side and back-forth)
- least ROM of all synovial joints
translation
Ex: carpals, tarsals, ribs/vertebrae, knee (patella and femur)
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe hinge joints
a rounded bone that fits into a trough shaped bone to permit movement similar to a hinged door
flexion and extension
Ex: elbow (ulna 7 humerus), knee (femur & tibia), ankle (tibia & talus) and between phalanges
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe pivot joints
- a rounded end of bone that fits into the sleeve or ring of a bone
- permit rotation (one structure is stationary for another to move around)
Ex: atlas and axis (C1-C2), radioulnar joint
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe condylar joints
- egg shaped surface that fits into an oval cavity
- “ellipsoid”
- slight ROM
flexion & extension, radial deviation (abduction), ulnar deviation (addu
Ex: wrist (distal radius with scaphoid & lunate), metacarpals/metatarsals and phalanges
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe saddle joints
both articular surfaces have convex and concave areas
- “modified ellipsoidal”
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition
Ex: base of pollex (trapezium and 1st metacarpal)
Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones
Describe ball and socket joints
- round head of one bone fits into the round socket of another
- very high ROM
flexion, extension, aB/aDduction, medial/lateral rotation, circumduction
Ex: hip joint (femoacetabular), shoulder (glenohumoral)
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Neck
flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation
circumduction
Occiput, C1-C7
Head at neck
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Shoulder
Flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
ab/adduction
circumduction
Humerus, scapula
Arm at shoulder
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Elbow
Flexion/extension
pronation/supination
humerus, ulna & radius
Forearm at elbow
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Wrist
flexion/extension
radial/ulnar deviation
circumduction
Radius, scaphoid, lunate
Hand at wrist
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Fingers (proximal)
flexion/extension
ab/adduction
circumduction
metacarpals & phalanges
Digits or phalanges
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Waist
flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation
circumduction
L1-L5
trunk or torso at waist
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Fingers (distal)
Flexion/extension
Phalanges & phalanges
Digits or phalanges
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Hip
flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
ab’adduction
circumduction
coxal bone and femur
thigh at hip
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Knee
flexion/extension
femur, patella & tibia
leg at knee
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Ankle
dorsi/plantar flexion
circumduction
eversion/inversion
tibia, talus, calcaneal
foot at ankle
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Toes (proximal)
flexion/extension
ab/adduction
circumduction
metatarsals to phalanges
digits or phalanges
Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology
Toes (distal)
flexion/extension
phalanges to phalanges
digits or phalanges
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the ligaments of the neck
Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the nuchal ligament
- runs from EOP inferiorly to spinous process of C7 (typically. Sometimes goes to T1)
- creates support in flexion of the head at the neck
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the ligaments of the shoulder
- Acromioclavicular
- Coracoclavicular
- Coracoacromial
- Transverse humeral ligament
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the acromioclavicular ligament
CT that holds clavicle to acromion
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the coracoclavicular ligament
creates stability when there is pulling that may separate the scapula and clavicle
technically two parts to it, but refered to as a unit
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the coracoacromial ligament
creates stability along the scapula to contrast the pull of pectoralis minor and brachial muscle
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the transverse humeral ligament
support to keep bicipetal groove muscle in place
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the inguinal ligament
- runs from ASIS to pubis
- control of coxal bone against all sorts of pulling from different directions
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the sacrotuberus ligament
supports from PSIS along sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the posterior & anterior sacroiliac ligament
provide stability between sacrum and coxal bone
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the ligaments of the hip joint
- Iliofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Pubofemoral
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the ligaments of the hip joint specifically and how they differ from other ligaments of the body
curved to allow for more movement/ROM while maintaining stability
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the ligaments of the knee
- Medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus
- Tibial (medial) collateral
- Fibular (lateral) collateral
- Anterior cruciate
- Posterior cruciate
- Patellar
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the tibial (medial) collateral ligament
MCL
- provides support on the medial knee
- prevents lateral tibial movement
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
LCL
- opposes purpose of MCL to support the lateral knee and prevent medial fibular movement
- tearing this can also happen with a sudden blow to the fibula
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the anterior cruciate ligament
- runs from posterior femur to anterior tibia
- prevents posterior movement of the femur (aka anterior movement of tibia)
- most commonly torn
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the posterior cruciate ligament
- runs from posterior tibia to anterior femur
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the joints of the ankle
- Medial/Deltoid ligament
- Lateral ligaments
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the 4 minor ligaments of the medial/deltoid ligament
- tibionavicular
- anterior tibiotalar
- posterior tibiotalar
- tibiocalcaneal
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the medial/deltoid ligament
- has 4 parts
- create dense layer of CT on medial ankle
* very difficult to strain
Major Ligaments of Joints
Describe the lateral ligaments of the ankle
- 90% of all ankle sprains
- has 3 separate ligaments
Major Ligaments of Joints
List the 3 ligaments of the lateral ankle ligaments
- inferior talofibular
- posterior talofibular
- calcaneofibular
