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A&P 1 > A&P 1.1 > Flashcards

A&P 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Define: Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the human body (bones, shape, structure and relation)

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2
Q

Define: Physiology

A

the study of the functioning of the human body (how things work to maintain life)

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3
Q

List the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest

A

Chemical
(Molecular)
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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4
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the chemical level

A

the human body is made up of dozens of chemical elements which combine to form molecules which are the base for cells

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5
Q

List the most prevalent molecules in the body

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Oxygen
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6
Q

List some other popular/necessary molecules of the body

A

water
fat
protein
carbohydrates

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the cellular level

A

the smallest living unit of an organism which combines various molecules to make cells

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8
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the tissue level

A

the combining of similar cells to perform a specialized function for the body

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9
Q

List the types of tissue

A
  1. muscle
  2. epithelial
  3. nervous
  4. connective
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10
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the organ level

A

when 2 or more tissues combine to provide a function for the body

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11
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the system level

A

when 2 or more organs combine to provide a function for the body

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12
Q

How many systems does the human body have?

A

11

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13
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the organism level

A

when all 11 systems are working together to promote life

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14
Q

List the necessary life functions

A
  1. Growth
  2. Excretion
  3. Reproduction
  4. Metabolism (locomotion)
  5. Movement
  6. Responsiveness (muscle mvmnt)
  7. Digestion
  8. Maintaining boundaries
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15
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of maintaining boundaries

A

keeping internal/external environments separate

(i.e. the skin)

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16
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the movement function

A

skeletal muscles move food, waste, gas, etc throughout the body

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17
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the responsiveness function

A

the ability to respond to external and internal stimuli

(i.e using skeletal, smooth and cardiac ms.)

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18
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the digestion function

A

the ability to break down food into usable forms

food = building blocks & fuel of the body

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19
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of metabolism

A

the sum of all cellular activity/chemical processes

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20
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of excretion

A

the elimination of waste through urine, feces, exhalation and sweat

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21
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of reproduction

A

the production of offspring to maintain the species where cells divide to produce daughter cells

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22
Q

Necessary Life Functions

What is needed within the body in order to reproduce?

A

cell growth must exceed cell destruction

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23
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the growth function (what is needed)

A
  • hormones
  • nutrients from diet
  • cell growth must outweigh cell destruction
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24
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the ability to maintain a stable internal environment

“balance” or “equilibrium”

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25
Q

What is the biggest factor that affects homeostasis?

A

stress

can be physical, emotional, etc.

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26
Q

Define anatomical position

A

a universally agreed upon position that allows for universally clear and concise communication

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27
Q

What are the attributes of anatomical position?

A
  1. body erect
  2. head forward
  3. arms at side
  4. palms forward
  5. feet forward and parallel
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28
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

prone

A

face down

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29
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

supine

A

face up

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30
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

superior

A

toward the head or an upper part of a structure of the body

“above”, cranial, cephalic

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31
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

inferior

A

away from the head/toward the lower part of the body

caudal

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32
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

anterior

A

the front of the body

ventral

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33
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

posterior

A

the back of the body

dorsal

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34
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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35
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

36
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

37
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body or a limb’s point of attachment to the body trunk

38
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

distal

A

farther from the origin of the body/attachment to the body trunk

39
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

superficial

A

toward the body surface

(external)

40
Q

Anatomical & Directional Terms

deep

A

away from the body surface

(internal)

41
Q

Planes and Sections

What are the three main planes of the body?

A

Sagittal
Frontal
Tranverse

42
Q

Planes and Sections

How does the saggital plane split the body?

A

into left and right sides

midsaggital = L/R split down the midline of the body

43
Q

Planes and Sections

How does the frontal plane divide the body?

A

anterior and posterior

(aka “coronal”)

44
Q

Planes and Sections

How does the transverse plane divide the body?

A

superior and inferior

(aka “cross section”)

45
Q

Body Cavities

What are the two main body cavities?

A

Dorsal
Ventral

46
Q

Body Cavities

The dorsal cavity pertains to what portion of the body?

47
Q

Body Cavities

The ventral cavity pertains to what part of the body?

48
Q

Body Cavities

What cavities are contained within the dorsal cavity?

A

the cranial (brain) and vertebral (spine) cavities

49
Q

Body Cavities

Which cavities are contained within the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

50
Q

Body Cavities

What is contained within the thoracic cavity?

A

Heart
Lungs

51
Q

Body Cavities

What is contained within the abdominal cavity?

A

many organs, including:
stomach
pancreas
intestines
liver
spleen
kidneys
gallbladder

52
Q

Body Cavities

What is contained within the pelvic cavity?

A

urinary bladder
internal reproductive organs
some of the large intestine

53
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: head

A

cephalic region

54
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: neck

A

cervical region

55
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shoulder

A

acromial region

56
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shoulder blade

A

scapular region

57
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: armpit

A

axillary region

58
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: arm

A

brachial region

(shoulder to elbow)

59
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: elbow

A

olecranal region

60
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: forearm

A

antebrachial region

(elbow to wrist)

61
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: wrist

A

carpal region

62
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: palm

A

palmar surface

63
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: back of hand

A

dorsal surface

64
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thumb

65
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: fingers

A

digits/phalanges

66
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: chest

A

thoracic/pectoral region

67
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: stomach

A

abdominal region

68
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: navel

A

umbilical region

69
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: between the navel and genitals

A

pelvic region

“pelvic bowl”

70
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: groin

A

inguinal region

71
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: low back

A

lumbar region

72
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: buttocks

A

gluteal region

73
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: spine

A

vertebral region

74
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thigh

A

femoral region

hip to knee

75
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: knee (anterior)

A

patellar region

76
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: knee (posterior)

A

popliteal region

77
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: leg

A

leg or sural/crural region

knee to ankle

78
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: calf

A

sural region

79
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shin

A

crural region

80
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: ankle

A

tarsal region

81
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: heel

A

calcaneal region

82
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: top of the foot

A

dorsal surface

83
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: bottom of the foot

A

plantar surface

84
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: toes

A

digits/phalanges

85
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: big toe

86
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: arm, forearm wrist and hand

A

upper extremity

87
Q

Regional Terms

What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thigh, leg, ankle and foot

A

lower extremity

A&P 1 (18 decks)

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