A&P 1.3 Flashcards
Which bones are or are not included in the 206 bones in a healthy adult?
- Included: Patella
- Not Included: Wormian and all other sesamoid bones
The bone system of a person is divided into which parts?
Axial and Appendicular skeleton
The axial skeleton contains ____ bones
80
The axial skeleton includes which main areas of the body?
Head and trunk
The axial skeleton consists of which specific bone groups and how many of each?
- Skull bones (22)
- Auditory ossicles (6)
- Hyoid bone (1)
- Vertebrae (26)
- Sternum (1)
- Ribs (12 pairs = 24 total)
The appendicular skeleton contains ____ bones
126
The appendicular skeleton consists of which bone groups and how many of each?
- Pectoral girdle (2 clavicles, 2 scapulas)
- Upper extremity (30 each = 60 total)
- Pelvic girdle (2)
- Lower extremity (30 each = 60 total)
Bone Markings
Define tuberosity
A large, round projection;
may be roughened
Bone Markings
Example(s) of tuberosities
- ischial (“sit bone”)
- tibial
- gluteal
- deltoid
Bone Markings
Define crest
A narrow ridge of bone;
usually prominent
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a crest
iliac
Bone Markings
Define trochanter
A very alrge, blunt, irregularly shaped process
Bone Markings
Example of trochanter
Greater & lesser femoral trochanter
Bone Markings
Define line
A narrow ridge of bone;
less prominent than a crest
Bone Markings
Example(s) of line
- Gluteal
- Linea aspera
Bone Markings
Deinfe tubercle
A small, rounded projection of process
Bone Markings
Example(s) of tubercle
- Greater & lesser
- Adductor
Bone Markings
Define epicondyle
A rasied area on or above a condyle
Bone Markings
Example(s) of epicondyle
- Medial femoral
- Lateral femoral
Bone Markings
Define spine
A sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Bone Markings
Example(s) of spine
- Spinous process
- Ischial spine
Bone Markings
Define process
Any bony prominence
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a process
- Mastoid
- Transverse
Bone Markings
List the types of projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
- Spine
- Process
- Epicondyle
- Crest
- Tuberosity
- Line
- Tubercle
- Trochanter
SPECT LTT
Bone Markings
List the types of projections that help to form joints
- Condyle
- Head
- Ramus
- Facet
CHRF
Bone Markings
Define head
A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Always the proximal end of the bone
Bone Markings
Examples of head
- Femur
- Humerus
Bone Markings
Define facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular (joining) surface
Bone Markings
Example(s) of facet
Ribs
Bone Markings
Define condyle
Rounded articular projection
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a condyle
- Femur
- Tibia
Bone Markings
Define ramus
Armlike bar of bone
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a ramus
- pubis
- ischium
Bone Markings
List the types of depressions and openings that allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves
- Groove
- Fissure
- Foramen
- Notch
- Meatus
- Sinus
- Fossa
Bone Markings
Define groove
“Furrow” (groove or depression)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a groove
- Bicipital
Bone Markings
Define fissure
Narrow, slitlike opening
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a fissure
- eye sockets
- orbital
Bone Markings
Define foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
(“doughnut” hole/just a hole)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a foramen
- Foramen magnum
- Obturator foramen
Bone Markings
Define notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a notch
Greater sciatic notch
Bone Markings
Define meatus
Canal-like passageway (hole with length)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a meatus
External auditory meatus
Bone Markings
Define sinus
Cavity within a bone that’s filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a sinus
- Maxillary
- Front
- Erythmoid
- Sphenoid
Bone Markings
Define fossa
Shallow, basinlike depressoin in a bone
(Often serving as an articular surface)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a fossa
- Supraspinous
- Mandibular
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
How many bones are in the skull and how many are in each category?
22
* 8 cranial bones
* 14 facial bones
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
What is the pupose of cranial bones?
Surround the brain for protection
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
What is the purpose of the facial bones?
Porivde the framework for the face
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the different types of cranial bones
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the frontal bone?
Forms the roof of the orbit for the eyes
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the parietal bones?
Form the side and top of the head
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the occipital bone?
- Helps to give the trapezius muscles their shape
- Forms the lower part of the cranium = forms the base of the skull/cranial floor
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the bone markings of the occipital bone
- Foramen magnum
- Superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance (EOP)
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?
Provides space for/houses the spinal cord
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the superior nuchal line?
Attachment point for the trapezius ms
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the temporal lobes?
For the side and base of the head
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the bone markings of the temporal bone
- Mandibular fossa (articular fossa)
- Mastoid process
- External auditory meatus
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
WHat is the purpose of the sphenoid bone?
Forms the base of the cranium
Aka “butterfly”, “bat” “moth” bone
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
Why is the sphenoid bone a key stone bone?
It connects with every other cranial bone
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the ethmoid bone?
Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity
How many bones are humans born with?
300
How many bones does the average healthy adult have?
206
Which bones are or are not included in the 206 bones in a healthy adult?
- Included: Patella
- Not Included: Wormian and al other sesamoid bones
The bone system of a person is divided into which parts?
Axial and Appendicular skeleton
The axial skeleton contains ____ bones
80
The axial skeleton includes which main areas of the body?
Head and trunk
The axial skeleton consists of which specific bone groups and how many of each?
- Skull bunes (22)
- Auditory ossicles (6)
- Hyoid bone (1)
- Vertebrae (26)
- Sternum (1)
- Ribs (12 pairs = 24 total)
The appendicular skeleton contains ____ bones
126
The appendicular skeleton consists of which bone groups and how many of each?
- Pectoral girdle (2 clavicles, 2 scapulas)
- Upper extremity (30 each = 60 total)
- Pelvic girdle (2)
- Lower extremity (30 each = 60 total)
Bone Markings
Define tuberosity
A alrge, round projection;
may be roughened
Bone Markings
Example(s) of tuberosities
- ischial (“sit bone”)
- tibial
- gluteal
Bone Markings
Define crest
A narrow ridge of bone;
usually prominent
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a crest
iliac
Bone Markings
Define trochanter
A very alrge, blunt, irregularly shaped process
Bone Markings
Example of trochanter
Greater & lesser femoral trochanter
Bone Markings
Define line
A narrow ridge of bone;
less prominent than a crest
Bone Markings
Example(s) of line
- Gluteal
- Linea aspera
Bone Markings
Deinfe tubercle
A small, rounded projection of process
Bone Markings
Example(s) of tubercle
- Greater & lesser
- Adductor
Bone Markings
Define epicondyle
A rasied area on or above a condyle
Bone Markings
Example(s) of epicondyle
- Medial femoral
- Lateral femoral
Bone Markings
Define spine
A sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Bone Markings
Example(s) of spine
- Spinous process
- Ischial spine
Bone Markings
Define process
Any bony prominence
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a process
- Mastoid
- Transverse
- Styloid
Bone Markings
List the types of projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
- Spine
- Process
- Epicondyle
- Crest
- Tuberosity
- Line
- Tubercle
- Trochanter
SPECT LTT
Bone Markings
List the types of projections that help to form joints
- Condyle
- Head
- Ramus
- Facet
CHRF
Bone Markings
Define head
A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Always the proximal end of the bone
Bone Markings
Examples of head
- Femur
- Humerus
Bone Markings
Define facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular (joining) surface
Bone Markings
Example(s) of facet
Ribs
Bone Markings
Define condyle
Rounded articular projection
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a condyle
- Femur
- Tibia
Bone Markings
Define ramus
Armlike bar of bone
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a ramus
- pubis
- ischium
Bone Markings
List the types of depressions and openings that allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves
- Groove
- Fissure
- Foramen
- Notch
- Meatus
- Sinus
- Fossa
Bone Markings
Define groove
“Furrow” (groove or depression)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a groove
- Bicipital
Bone Markings
Define fissure
Narrow, slitlike opening
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a fissure
- eye sockets
- orbital
Bone Markings
Define foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
(“doughnut” hole/just a hole)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a foramen
- Foramen magnum
- Obturator foramen
Bone Markings
Define notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a notch
Greater sciatic notch
Bone Markings
Define meatus
Canal-like passageway (hole with length)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a meatus
External auditory meatus
Bone Markings
Define sinus
Cavity within a bone that’s filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a sinus
- Maxillary
- Front
- Erythmoid
- Sphenoid
Bone Markings
Define fossa
Shallow, basinlike depressoin in a bone
(Often serving as an articular surface)
Bone Markings
Example(s) of a fossa
- Supraspinous
- Mandibular
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
How many bones are in the skull and how many are in each category?
22
* 8 cranial bones
* 14 facial bones
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
What is the pupose of cranial bones?
Surround the brain for protection
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton
What is the purpose of the facial bones?
Porivde the framework for the face
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the different types of cranial bones
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the frontal bone?
Forms the roof of the orbit for the eyes
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the parietal bones?
Form the side and top of the head
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the occipital bone?
- Helps to give the trapezius muscles their shape
- Forms the lower part of the cranium = forms the base of the skull/cranial floor
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the bone markings of the occipital bone
- Foramen magnum
- Superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance (EOP)
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?
Provides space for/houses the spinal cord
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the superior nuchal line?
Attachment point for the trapezius ms
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the temporal lobes?
For the side and base of the head
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the bone markings of the temporal bone
- Mandibular fossa (articular fossa)
- Mastoid process
- External auditory meatus
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the sphenoid bone?
Forms the base of the cranium
Aka “butterfly”, “bat” “moth” bone
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
Why is the sphenoid bone a key stone bone?
It connects with every other cranial bone
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What is the purpose of the ethmoid bone?
Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity
How many bones are humans born with?
300
How many bones does the average healthy adult have?
206
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
Describe the ethmoid bone & its location
- porous
- wispy
- highly innervated
- at the roof of the nose
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
List the bone markings of the ethmoid bone
- Perpendicular plate
- Superior nasal conchae
- Middle nasal conchae
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings
What purpose for the ethmoid bone serve in the cranium?
Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures
Define a suture
- Where cranial bones come together to form a joint
A dense, fibrous tissue between bones
Generally thought of as immobile, but have slight movement
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures
Define sagittal suture
- Down the center of the skull.
- Separates both parietal bones/dplits body into left and right sides
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures
Define coronal suture
- Between the frontal and parietal bones.
- Along the crown of head
- Separates body into anterior and posterior
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures
Define squamous suture
- At the base of the parietal bones
- Runs between temporal and pariatel bones
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures
Describe lambdoid suture
- At the posterior aspect of the head
- Connects parietal bones with the occipital bone
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the attributes of the mandible
- largest and strongest facial bone
- houses the lower set of teeth
aka “jaw”
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Name the bone marking found on the mandible
Mandibular condyle (aka condylar process)
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the attributes of the maxillae
- houses the upper set of teeth
- forms the anterior palette
- articulates with all facial bones ASIDE FROM the mandible
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
The Zygomatic bones are generally known as
Cheek bones
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the nasal facial bone
the “bridge of the nose”
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the function of the lacrimal bone
- houses the tear ducts
- drains in ansal cavity
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the function of the palatine bone
forms the posterior part of the hard palette
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the inferior nasal conchae and thei purpose
- project inward off of later nasal cavity
- warm, moister and filter air
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Paranasal Siuses
Describe paranasal sinuses
- open cavities in the bone surounding the nasal cavity
- lined with mm
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Describe the funtions of paranasal sinuses
- warm and moisten breathed air
- act as a resonating chamber for speech
- air filter
- lightens the skull
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
How are the paranasal sinuses named?
By the bones that house them
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings
Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Auditory Ossicles
How do ossicles let you know when youre finished