9.1 Flashcards
What are the five functions of the kidneys?
- Filtration
- Nutrient Conservation
- Blood volume/pressure regulation
- Blood glucose/pH
- Hormone release
Which kidney is superior to the other? Why?
- Left kidney is superior
- Right kidney is pushed down by liver
Which ribs protect the kidneys?
11th and 12th
Connective tissue layers of kidney
- Fibrous capsule
- Preinephric fat
- Renal fascia
(Three F’s)
What are the three large regions of the kidneys called? (from outside to inside)
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
- Renal sinus
What structures are within the renal medulla
- Renal pyramids
- Renal columns
What structures are within a renal lobe?
- Renal pyramid
- Overlying renal cortex
- Adjacent renal columns
Function of renal lobes
Urine production
Passage of urine from a renal lobe
- Renal papilla
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
What are the two layers of the ureters?
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
Describe the mucosa of the ureters
- “urothelium”
- Transitional: cuboidal -> squamous depending on stretch
Describe the muscularis of the ureters
- Upper 2 thirds: two layers of smooth muscle
- Lower third: one layer of smooth muscle
What are the layers of the bladder wall?
- Mucosa
- Muscularis (incl. sphincters)
Describe the mucosa of the bladder
- Urothelium - squamous to cuboidal
- Rugae for expansion
Describe the muscularis of the bladder
- Three layers of smooth muscle (like lower ureters)
What are the two layers of the urethra?
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
(Same as ureters and bladder)
Describe the mucosa of the urethra
- Proximal: stratified transitional
- Middle: Stratified columnar
- Distal: Stratifed squamous (same as external skin)
Describe the muscularis of the urethra
Two layers of smooth muscle
Which type of smooth muscle is even vs odd numbers?
Odd: longitudinal
Even: circular
