9.1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the five functions of the kidneys?
A
- Filtration
- Nutrient Conservation
- Blood volume/pressure regulation
- Blood glucose/pH
- Hormone release
2
Q
Which kidney is superior to the other? Why?
A
- Left kidney is superior
- Right kidney is pushed down by liver
3
Q
Which ribs protect the kidneys?
A
11th and 12th
4
Q
Connective tissue layers of kidney
A
- Fibrous capsule
- Preinephric fat
- Renal fascia
(Three F’s)
5
Q
What are the three large regions of the kidneys called? (from outside to inside)
A
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
- Renal sinus
6
Q
What structures are within the renal medulla
A
- Renal pyramids
- Renal columns
7
Q
What structures are within a renal lobe?
A
- Renal pyramid
- Overlying renal cortex
- Adjacent renal columns
8
Q
Function of renal lobes
A
Urine production
9
Q
Passage of urine from a renal lobe
A
- Renal papilla
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
10
Q
What are the two layers of the ureters?
A
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
11
Q
Describe the mucosa of the ureters
A
- “urothelium”
- Transitional: cuboidal -> squamous depending on stretch
12
Q
Describe the muscularis of the ureters
A
- Upper 2 thirds: two layers of smooth muscle
- Lower third: one layer of smooth muscle
13
Q
What are the layers of the bladder wall?
A
- Mucosa
- Muscularis (incl. sphincters)
14
Q
Describe the mucosa of the bladder
A
- Urothelium - squamous to cuboidal
- Rugae for expansion
15
Q
Describe the muscularis of the bladder
A
- Three layers of smooth muscle (like lower ureters)
