4.2 Flashcards
What are the two components of respiration?
Ventilation and gas exchange
Inspiration mech
- Diaphragm contracts, enlarging thoracic cage
- Parietal pleura is attached to diaphragm and visceral pleura adheres to that, so lungs expand
- Pressure becomes lower in the lungs, so air flows in until pressure gradient is equal
What is anterior to the trachea?
-Thyroid gland
- Aortic arch
- Pulmonary arteries
What is the opening of the lung called where vessels move in and out (hint: it’s the same as the kidney)
Hilum
Where are the visceral and parietal pleura connected?
Hilum
What is the fluid between the two layers of pleura?
Pleural fluid
Name a space that is covered with parietal fluid but not always “filled” with lung
Costadiaphragmatic recess
What are the functions of the conducting areas of the lower airways?
- Cleaning
- Warming
- Humidification
- Conduction
What happens to the surface area of the airways as we move toward the alveoli?
Increases dramatically
What does it mean that oxygen cooperatively binds to haemoglobin?
If one molecule binds to Hb, it becomes easier for the next (up to four)
What does stretching of airway smooth muscle inhibit?
Inspiration
In what areas of the lower airways can gas exchange occur? What is this zone called?
- Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
- This area is called the respiratory portion/zone
