9.1 Flashcards
describe mammary glands
* present but not functional in males
lobe: 15-25 lobes/breast
lobule: site of milk production
Lactiferous duct: surrounded by muscle
Areola: pigmented skin arround nipple
Nipple: contains opening of lactiferous ducts
adispose: most of non bactating breast
Suspensory ligament: attach breast to underlying muscle
changes in breast during life
- Puberty
- estrogen in conjection w/ GH: get growth and breast development
- mammary glands increase in size/volume and fat develops
- Pregnnacy and lactation
- breast reach maturity
- breasts and areola inc in size, sreola darkerns
- milk production possible mid-pregnancy
- Menopause
- tissues begin to atrophy
- fibrous stroma replaced by adipose tissue
external genitalia
what is the vagina
- birth canal & organ of copulation
- located between bladder/urethra & rectum
- posterior, anterior & lateral fornices surround cervix
layers of vaginal wall
- stratified squamous mucosa
- Smooth muscle muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal layer)
- Fibroelastic adventitia
vaginal changes during lifetime
- vaginal epithelium and mucus:
- thin in pre pubsert and post menopausal
- thick in pre manopause
- estrogens
- low in pre puberty and post menopause
- high in pre menopausal
- pH and microbail diversity
- high in pre puba nd post menopause
- low in pre manupasue
describe the uterus
- body, fundus and isthmus
- cervix: narrow outlet; projects into vagina, secretes mucus that blocks sperm entry except during micycle
what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall
- perimetrium: viseral peritoneum/broad ligament of uterus
- myometrium: interlacing layers of smooth muscle
- Endometrium: muosal lining composed os stratum functionalis & stratum basalid
vascular supply of uterus
- spiral artery is what sheds
- also have straigh, radial, arcuate, uterine arteries
describe the uterine/fallopian tubes
- no contact with ovaries
- oocyte carried along by peristalsis & cilliary action
- non ciliated cells nourish oocyte and sperm
- > isthmus: constiucted region where tube joins uterus
- > ampulla: distal expansion (usual site of fertilization)
- > fimbriae of infudibulum: creates currents to move oocyte into uterine tube
what are the ligaments of the female reproductive tract
- suspensory ligament of ovary: anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
- Ovarian ligment: anchors ovary medially to uterus
- Round ligament of uternus: anchors uterus anteriorly into inguinal canal
- Cervical supports
what is the broad ligament of the uterus
peritoneal fold that supports uterine tubes, uterus & vagina
*goes over everything
describe the ovaries
- on either side of uterus
- surrounded by fibrous tunica albuginea (surrounded by germinal epithelium aka peritonem)
- has portex (ovarian follicles) and medulla (large blood vessels and nerves)
- follicle: immature egg (oocyte) surrounded by: follicle cells and granulosa calls
describe oogenesis
what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle
*start on first day of menses
follicular phase: period of follicle growth
ovulation midcycle
luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity
*luteal phase is always 14 days bc thats the lifespan of corpus luteum, follicular phase is what varies
describe the follicular phase
- primary follcile is activated
- squamous-like cells of follicle become cuboidal (occurs almost 1 year before is ovulation)
- Follicle enlarges to become primay folicle
- single layer of cuboidal or columnar type follicle cells
- becomes seocndary follicle
- stratefies epithelium (granulosa cells) forms around oocyte
- granulosa cells & oocyte guide one antohers development
- becomes late secondary follcile
- theca folliculi and granulosa cells product estrogens
- zona pellucida forms around oocyte and fluid accumulates between granulosa cells
- becomes vesicular follicle
- Antrum expands to isolate secondary oocyte with corona radiata
- primary oocyte comples meiosis I
what is ovulation
- ovary wall ruptues and expels secondary oocyte with its corona radiata
*some women experience Mittelschmerz (pain from ovulation)
describe the luteal phase
- ruptured follicle collpases
granulosa cells & internal thecal cells form corpus lutem which secretes progesterone and estrogen
- is no pregnancy: corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans in 10 days
If pregnancy: corpus luteum produces hormones until placenta takes over around 3 motnhs in
events of oogenesis
