9.1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe mammary glands

A

* present but not functional in males

lobe: 15-25 lobes/breast
lobule: site of milk production

Lactiferous duct: surrounded by muscle

Areola: pigmented skin arround nipple

Nipple: contains opening of lactiferous ducts

adispose: most of non bactating breast

Suspensory ligament: attach breast to underlying muscle

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2
Q

changes in breast during life

A
  • Puberty
    • estrogen in conjection w/ GH: get growth and breast development
    • mammary glands increase in size/volume and fat develops
  • Pregnnacy and lactation
    • breast reach maturity
    • breasts and areola inc in size, sreola darkerns
    • milk production possible mid-pregnancy
  • Menopause
    • tissues begin to atrophy
    • fibrous stroma replaced by adipose tissue
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

external genitalia

A
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5
Q

what is the vagina

A
  • birth canal & organ of copulation
  • located between bladder/urethra & rectum
  • posterior, anterior & lateral fornices surround cervix
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6
Q

layers of vaginal wall

A
  1. stratified squamous mucosa
  2. Smooth muscle muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal layer)
  3. Fibroelastic adventitia
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7
Q

vaginal changes during lifetime

A
  • vaginal epithelium and mucus:
    • thin in pre pubsert and post menopausal
    • thick in pre manopause
  • estrogens
    • low in pre puberty and post menopause
    • high in pre menopausal
  • pH and microbail diversity
    • high in pre puba nd post menopause
    • low in pre manupasue
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8
Q

describe the uterus

A
  • body, fundus and isthmus
  • cervix: narrow outlet; projects into vagina, secretes mucus that blocks sperm entry except during micycle
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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A
  1. perimetrium: viseral peritoneum/broad ligament of uterus
  2. myometrium: interlacing layers of smooth muscle
  3. Endometrium: muosal lining composed os stratum functionalis & stratum basalid
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10
Q

vascular supply of uterus

A
  • spiral artery is what sheds
  • also have straigh, radial, arcuate, uterine arteries
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11
Q

describe the uterine/fallopian tubes

A
  • no contact with ovaries
  • oocyte carried along by peristalsis & cilliary action
  • non ciliated cells nourish oocyte and sperm
  • > isthmus: constiucted region where tube joins uterus
  • > ampulla: distal expansion (usual site of fertilization)
  • > fimbriae of infudibulum: creates currents to move oocyte into uterine tube
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12
Q

what are the ligaments of the female reproductive tract

A
  • suspensory ligament of ovary: anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
  • Ovarian ligment: anchors ovary medially to uterus
  • Round ligament of uternus: anchors uterus anteriorly into inguinal canal
  • Cervical supports
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13
Q

what is the broad ligament of the uterus

A

peritoneal fold that supports uterine tubes, uterus & vagina

*goes over everything

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14
Q

describe the ovaries

A
  • on either side of uterus
  • surrounded by fibrous tunica albuginea (surrounded by germinal epithelium aka peritonem)
  • has portex (ovarian follicles) and medulla (large blood vessels and nerves)
  • follicle: immature egg (oocyte) surrounded by: follicle cells and granulosa calls
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15
Q

describe oogenesis

A
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16
Q

what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle

A

*start on first day of menses

follicular phase: period of follicle growth

ovulation midcycle

luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity

*luteal phase is always 14 days bc thats the lifespan of corpus luteum, follicular phase is what varies

17
Q

describe the follicular phase

A
  1. primary follcile is activated
    • squamous-like cells of follicle become cuboidal (occurs almost 1 year before is ovulation)
  2. Follicle enlarges to become primay folicle
    • single layer of cuboidal or columnar type follicle cells
  3. becomes seocndary follicle
    • stratefies epithelium (granulosa cells) forms around oocyte
    • granulosa cells & oocyte guide one antohers development
  4. becomes late secondary follcile
    • theca folliculi and granulosa cells product estrogens
    • zona pellucida forms around oocyte and fluid accumulates between granulosa cells
  5. becomes vesicular follicle
    • Antrum expands to isolate secondary oocyte with corona radiata
    • primary oocyte comples meiosis I
18
Q

what is ovulation

A
  • ovary wall ruptues and expels secondary oocyte with its corona radiata

*some women experience Mittelschmerz (pain from ovulation)

19
Q

describe the luteal phase

A
  • ruptured follicle collpases

granulosa cells & internal thecal cells form corpus lutem which secretes progesterone and estrogen

  • is no pregnancy: corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans in 10 days

If pregnancy: corpus luteum produces hormones until placenta takes over around 3 motnhs in

20
Q

events of oogenesis

A