9. Systemic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

DDX de shift myopiques LENT (3)? Rapide? (2)

A

LENTS
1. Sclérose NUCLÉAIRE
2. Degenerative myopia (pas ben ben plus que -1,00 par an)
3. Keratocone
4. Prise de Prednisone (stéroide qui peut faire fluctuer taux de sucre) (MYOPIC et HYPEROPIC shift possible)

RAPIDE:
1. Échange entre les LC
2. Diabète incontrollé (MYOPIC ou HYPEROPIC shift) hyperopic quand le db incontrollé devient contrôlé par médication

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2
Q

Valeurs des 3 tests de glucoses pour le db ?

A
  1. Normal Fasting blood glucose (a jeun) : >126mg/dL ou > 7mmol/L
  2. Random blood glucose (pas a jeun)
    >200 mg/dL ou >11,1mmol/L
  3. HbA1C > 6,5%

vs [6,5 à 5,9] = PRE-db

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3
Q

Wait until how long to prescribe new glasses for fluctuating blood glucose?

A

Wait 6-8 weeks until the first stabilization of the glucose because it takes a while before the lens come back to normal. (contrairement au shift myopique qui se produit très rapidement quand il ya un mauvais controle du sucre)

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4
Q

V ou F, uncontrolled glucose level can also cause hyperopic shift if the patient had high sugar levels and started tx (wich ↓ glucose level)

A

V

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5
Q

V ou F, le db de type 1 est souvent associé avec des maladies autoimmunes?

A

Vrai

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6
Q

V ou F, symetrical vertical bow-tie steepening on the topography give with the rule astigmatism?

A

V, il y aura un noeud papillon de couleur rouge-orangé (plus steep) à la vertical donc un axe de la réfraction à 180 degrés.

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7
Q

Hashimoto’s thyoiditis is the most common cause of primary HYPOthyroidism : on s’attend donc à avoir quel résultat de TSH et de T3 T4 ?

A

HYPOthyroidisme =
- High TSH
- Low T3 et T4

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8
Q

What is Ehler-Danlos syndrom? Signs related (systemic and ocular) (7)

A

Abnormal secretion of COLLAGEN =
- skin hyperelasticity,
- hypermobility of joints,
- aortic dissection,
- blue sclera,
- corneal thinning,
- lens subluxation,
- angioid strikes
- KC

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9
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrom ? Signs?

A

Connective tissue disorder :
- Tall and long extremities
- Subluxating joints
- cardiac side effects
- Subluxation of cristal lens
- glc
- RD (common and most serious complication)
- KC
- axial myopia

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10
Q

What is ectopia lentis ? Management?

A

Ectopia lentis is the dislocation or displacement of the natural crystalline lens. may occur after trauma or may be associated with ocular or systemic disease. As ectopia lentis may be the first sign of a more serious systemic disease, it is important to determine the etiology for appropriate patient management.

Management: 1) Déterminer la cause du déplacement de la lentille.
2) Si la lentille cause : irreversible amblyopia, post lens in the vitreous (increase risk of RD), ant dislocation in AIC or signif cat = Refer for surgery.
Sinon, on suit.

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11
Q

V ou F, congenital cataract usualy affect a lot the vision?

A

Faux, il s’agit souvent de petites opacités dans le cristallin qui affectent peu la vision

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12
Q

V ou F, il est approprié de référer en cardiologie si suspicion de Ehler-Danslos syndrom ou Marfans syndrome?

A

Vrai, les 2 ont des problèmes de coeur.

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13
Q

Homocystinuria syndrom should be refered for what?

A

For an hematologic evaluation because there is blood abnormalities in this condition.

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14
Q

V ou F, Si enfant < 16 ans, il faut le consentement du tuteur légal de l’enfant pour l’examiner.

A

vrai, par exemple, si l,enfant est amené par son voisin, je dois appeler les tuteurs légaux de l’enfant pour avoir leur consentement verbal (c ok par téléphone)

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15
Q

V ou F, lens subluxation can be the first sign of Marfan’s syndrom?

A

V

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16
Q

DDX subluxation of the lens?

A

1 Trauma

#2 Anti-VEGF injection (because l’ophtalmo peut accrocher les zonules)
#3 Pseudoexfolliation (Parfois la subluxation se produit après la chx de cat (pas pendant) donc on voit la lentille DOWN (on ne doit pas juste penser homocysténurie))
#4 Marfan’s (subluxation goes UPPPP)
#5 Homocystinuria (subluxation goes DOWNNN)

other’s like ehler-Danlos (more rare)

17
Q

V ou F, la myopie dégénératives est associé à des fuchs spots et a fovéoschisis

A

V

18
Q

Quel est le meilleur test pour dépister le db type 1?
et le meilleur pour db type 2?

A

Db type 1 = Random blood glucose test (will be significantly elevated)

Db type 2 = glycosylated HbA1C (car un random blood glucose test can be inconclusive in type 2)