9 - Memory Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of memory?
- Encoding (transformation) 2. Storage (retention) 3. Retrieval (recovery)
What is the mutli-store memory model (aka working model)?
Short term = working memory
Serial position curve of STM and LTM of remembering position of word in list
Given a list of words
You have a primacy and recency effect
Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Who came up with the muti-store memory model?
Baddeleys
What are the 2 ways of encoding sensory info?
- Echoic memory
- Iconic memory
What is echoic memory?
Phonological –> auditory sensory memory
- Recency present
- Sound lingers
What is iconic memory?
Visual sensory memory
- No recency effect
- Image quickly fades
What is STM?
Short Term Memory
- Limited capacity
Visio-spatial scratch pad: STM store how things look, imagine diff angles
phonological loop: phonological store (remember spoken words for seconds) and articulatory control process (rehearsed/articulated verbal info, taken from phonological store)
What are the 3 types of LTM?
- Episodic
- Semantic
- Procedural
What is episodic memory?
Personal experiences –> Long term memory store for personal events
autobiographical
(When did you last ride a bike)
What is ‘chunking’ with STM?
Recoding new material into larger, more meaningful units
(door, mat, feet, shoes)
Why does counting backwards lead to loss of recency?
Displacement (words displaced by numbers)
No rehearsal (no maintenance)
More rehearsal leads to maintenance and elaboration (linking with LTM)
What is semantic memory?
General world knowledge –> long term facts and knowledge
(What is a bicycle?)
What is procedural memory?
Stores our knowledge of how to do things. Includes memories of learned skills.
Unconcious Recall
Skills based (how do you ride a bike)
How can LTM be aided?
Adding meaningful connections
Elaboration
Mnemonics
First letter – ROYGBIV
Visual imagery
What is Luria S’s memory study?
Had an eidetic memory and synasesthesia
Remembering equationby making a story: unusual experience of imagery
What is eidetic imagery?
Memory as well as visual percepts (photographic memorY)
What is synaesthesia?
Crossing sensory modalities; multiple percepts
Production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.
What is normal capcity to remember a list of numbers?
7 digits +/- 2
What is hyperthymesia?
Highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) (remembering everything)
Memory stores and brain structures diagram
