2 - Sex and Gender Flashcards
What is ‘sex’?
Biological status
What is ‘gender’?
Learned/cultural
What determines gender?
Prenatal hormones determine genitalia and parents assign as male/female and raise accordingly
What is DSD?
Disorders of Sexual Development
A group of rare conditions involving genes, hormones and reproductive organs, including genitals. It means a person’s sex development is different to most other people’s.
What are parental influences on gender?
Role models
Child parent interactions
Gender appropriate toys
When does child acquire concept of gender?
Around 2-3 years - determine whether boy/girl
When does child acquire gender stability?
4 years - realise gender stays stable through life
When does child acquire gender constancy?
4-5 years - gender is constant whether hair is long/short or wearing dress/tshirt
What are the gender similarities?
o General intelligence
o Learning & memory
o Complex cognitive tasks
What can influence gender?
Family, friends, school, media
What is the gender similarity hypothesis?
We are more similar, but expectations we are given becomes stereotyped
What are the gender differences in psychological health?
o W 2x more likely for depression
o W 10x more likely with eating disorders
o M more likely to be treated for substance abuse
Who came up with the gender similarities hypothesis?
Hyde –> males and females similar in most psychological aspects
What is the social learning theory?
Parents assign gender and raise child accordingly
Child gets punished for imitating opposite sex like behaviours but rewarded for imitating same sex like behaviours
Who came up with the social learning theory?
Bandura
