6 - Perception Flashcards
What is perception?
Actively organising and interpreting sensory info
What is the adaptation effect in perception?
Temporary change in perception when exposed to new stimulus and lingering after image if stimulus is removed
What are the 2 directions of processing?
Bottom-up
Top-down
What is bottom-up processing?
Sensory driven. Processes that organise incoming information
What is top-down processing?
Driven by knowledge, experience and expectations. Determine perception in ambiguous settings.
What is depth perception?
The visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object
- Binocular disparity
- Monocular cues
What are monocular cues?
Provide depth information when viewing a scene with one eye
- Interposition
- Relative size
- Texture gradient
What is binocular disparity?
Difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes’ horizontal separation but together help us to see 3D image and depth
What is ‘Gestalt’ or ‘whole percept’?
Gestalt: is when object are viewed individually they have different characterisitics then when viewed as a whole
type of perceptual organisation
Organisational tendencies of system and seeking meaningful groupings (proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)
What is figure-ground organisation?
Either see figure or background, not both
What are perceptual constancies?
We know it is the same thing even though the image is changing (like an opening door)
What are perceptual illusions?
Top-down. Our knowledge tricks us with optical illusions
What are sensory limitations of perception?
Awareness failure or protective filtering
What is the door of perception?
Function of the brain and NS is to protect us from being overwhelmed by this mass of largely useless and irrelevant knowledge by shutting out most, leaving only small selection that is likely to be practically useful
i.e. doors close on how much we perceive
Who came up with the theory of the door of perception?
Huxley
