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Yr 1 - I&P > 8 - Sleep > Flashcards

8 - Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the popular sleep assumptions?

A
  1. Sleep is unstructured 2. We need 8 hours a night 3. Dream content is meaningful 4. Sleep disorders are rare 5. Sleep deprivation is harmful to health
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2
Q

What is ‘sleep insufficiency’ classed as?

A

Less than 7 hours

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3
Q

How many US adults don’t get enough sleep?

A

1 in 3

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4
Q

What are the chronic health problems of lack of sleep?

A

Diabetes, heart disease, mental health, lost productivity, obesity

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5
Q

Who produced a report on the attractive market of sleep?

A

McKinsey

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6
Q

What 3 factors did McKinsey take into consideration when producing his report?

A

Ambience organisation (bedroom furniture, mattress etc) Routine modification (books, meditations, smart alarm clocks etc) Therapeutic treatment (surgery, over counter sleep aids etc)

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7
Q

What is the sleep staircase?

A

Basic architecture –> episodes of rapid eye movement sleep

Stage 3 and 4 are ‘deep sleep’

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8
Q

What is ‘core sleep’?

A
  • Necessary, about first 5 hours
  • Most of deep (stage 3 and 4) sleep
  • Half of REM sleep
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9
Q

What is ‘optional sleep’?

A
  • Next 2+ hours
  • Mostly stage 2 and 1 (light sleep)
  • Not necessary
  • Light sleep/dreaming (REM)
  • Easily woken
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10
Q

What stages of the sleep staircase are heavy/light sleep?

A

Light –> Stages 1 and 2

Deep –> Stages 3 and 4

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11
Q

What is REM?

A

Rapid Eye Movement

  • Body paralysed, eyes moving and dreaming, cycle every 60-90 minutes
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12
Q

What was Bunker’s sleep study? Who was it by?

A

Took away light, day and time to observe sleeping patterns - Wever

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13
Q

What did Bunker’s sleep study find?

A

Circadian rhythm –> Sleep/wake pattern revolves around 25 hours, not 24. Easier to extend day than shortern it (sleep late vs wake early)

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14
Q

What is a circadian rhythm?

A

A natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours

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15
Q

How do sleeping patterns change with age?

A
  • Foetus –> mostly REM
  • Baby –> 16 hours/day sleeping

Time in REM and borders between sleep/wake decrease with age

Over 40, less time in REM and stage 3/4 (deep) sleep, less refreshed

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16
Q

What are the key developmental changes in sleep?

A
  1. Reduction in sleep time
  2. Early reduction in REM
  3. Later reduction in stages 3 and 4
17
Q

How do these sleep changes with age benefit parasomnia (sleep walk, night terrors)?

A

Parasomnias only in stage 3/4 (not REM b/c REM = paralysed)

18
Q

What is UK mean sleep duration?

A

7.75 hours sleep

19
Q

How are dreams and REM connected?

A

Dreams not exclusive to REM but REM dreams are:

  • 2x more likely
  • 6x longer and more vivid
20
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s 1900 interpretation of dreams?

A

‘Wishes suppressed during the day assert themselves in dreams’

21
Q

What is lucid dreaming?

A

A dream during which the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming

22
Q

How many people does insomia affect?

A

30% of population (1/3 severe)

23
Q

How may prescriptions for hypnotics in UK (2011)?

A

15.3m

24
Q

Why is insomia not normally primary reason for GP visit?

A

2ary to another problem e.g depression (become a symptom itself)

25
Q

What are features of insomnia?

A

Delayed sleep onset, disturbed sleep, earning morning waking

26
Q

What are causes of insomnia?

A

Psychological problems (depression, anxiety)

Medical disorders (pain)

Social environment (alcohol, drugs)

27
Q

What are approaches to insomnia treatment?

A
  • Hypnotic drugs
  • Sleep education
  • Sleep hygiene
  • Dealing with tension/thoughts (relaxation/cognitive techniques)
28
Q

What is nacrolepsy?

A

Long-term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

  • Impaired quality of life
  • Sleep attacks (overwhelming sleepiness)
  • Cataplexy (paralysis of voluntary muscles)
  • Vivid sleep-onset dreams
29
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Sudden onset of loss of muscle movement, triggered by strong emotions so narcoleptics avoid strong emotions

30
Q

What is sleep paralysis?

A

Conscious, eyes open, unable to move, hallucinations

  • On going to sleep or on waking
  • REM sleep intrusion

Caused by sleep disruptions (jet lag, shiftwork)

31
Q

What was Randy Gardner’s sleep study?

A

Effects of sleep deprivation

  • 264 hours (11 days) without sleep
  • Day 2 - difficulty focusing eyes
  • Day 5 – irritable, uncooperative, memory lapses, problems concentrating
  • Day 9 – fragmented thought patterns, blurred vision, major memory lapses
32
Q

What was Randy Gardner’s theory for recovery sleep?

A

Night 1 – extra 6.75 hrs

Nights 2 & 3 – extra 4 & 2.5 hrs

Regained 24% total lost sleep

  • 7% stages 1 & 2
  • 68% stage 4
  • 53% REM
33
Q

What part of body does sleep deprivation most effect?

A

Cortical functions

34
Q

What is ultraradian rhythm?

A

Biological rhythm less than 24 hours

35
Q
A

Yr 1 - I&P (26 decks)

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