9: Gluteal Region / Muscles Flashcards
Superior and inferior boundaries of gluteal region
Superior: iliac crest
Inferior: gluteal sulcus
Three major bursae of the gluteal region
Ischial, trochanteric, gluteofemoral
Which two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?
Sacrotuberous L, sacrospinous L
What muscle exits gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen?
Piriformis
What six things exit the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen?
- Sciatic N
- Posterior femoral cutaneous N
- Pudendal N
- Superior gemellus/obturator internus N
- Internal pudendal A
- Gluteal neurovascular bundles
Three things that enter the gluteal region via the lesser sciatic foramen
- Pudendal N
- Internal pudendal A
- Superior gemellus/obturator internus N
One thing that exits the gluteal region via the lesser sciatic foramen
Obturator internus M
Five muscles in the vertically-oriented group of the gluteal region
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus minimus
- Gluteus medius
- Piriformis
- Tensor fascia lata
Four muscles in the horizontally-oriented group of the gluteal region
- Obturator internus
- Superior gemellus
- Inferior gemellus
- Quadratus femoris
Gluteus maximus O and I
O: lateral sacral crest, sacrotuberous L
I: gluteal tuberosity, IT band
Chief extensor of the thigh
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus maximus A
Thigh extension, lateral rotation, slight leg extension
Gluteus maximus vs medius/minimus innervation
Maximus: inferior gluteal N
Medius/minimus: superior gluteal N
Gluteus medius and minimus O and I
O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
Gluteus medius and minimus action
Thigh abduction, medial rotation
What muscle demarcates gluteal blood vessels and nerves?
Piriformis
Piriformis O and I
O: anterior sacrum
I: greater trochanter
piriformis N
Nerve to piriformis
Tensor fascia lata N
Superior gluteal N
Tensor fascia lata A
Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh; slight extension of leg
IT band
Thickening of fascia lata on lateral leg
Functions of the IT band
Extends leg, decelerates thigh adduction, laterally stabilizes the patella
How to treat chondromalacia?
Stretch the IT band
What does the IT band work with and against to stabilize the patella?
With: vastus lateralis
Against: vastus medialis
IT band acting as an extensor vs flexor of the knee
Center of rotation within boundaries of the IT band -> extensor of the knee
Center of rotation anterior to IT band -> flexor of the knee
Obturator internus O and I
O: ilium, ischium, obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
Obturator internus N
Superior gemellus N
Triceps coxae
Obturator internus + superior and inferior gemelli
Superior and inferior gemelli O and I
O: ischial spine (superior), ischial tuberosity (inferior)
I: medial greater trochanter
Quadratus femoris O and I
O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle
Quadratus femoris A
Lateral rotation
Gluteus medius and minimus during stance and swing phases of gait cycle
Stance: flexed
Swing: relaxed
Gluteal Gate (AKA Duchenne’s Limp): cause
Superior gluteal N injury, causing weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus
Positive sign with a gluteal gate
Trendelenburg’s sign
