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MSK Exam 1 > 15: Posterior Leg > Flashcards

15: Posterior Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Which foot bone has a groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?

A

Talus

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2
Q

What two bones does the calcaneus articulate with?

A

Talus, cuboid

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3
Q

Sustentaculum tali

A

A shelf-like projection on the calcaneus that provides support for the talus

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4
Q

What runs in the groove of the sustentaculum tali?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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5
Q

Five bones the navicular articulates with

A

Talus, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

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6
Q

What muscle attaches to the navicular tuberosity?

A

Tibialis posterior

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7
Q

Four leg compartments formed by crural fascia

A

Anterior, lateral, posterior (superficial and deep)

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8
Q

Four shared structures in each leg compartment

A

Function, nerve, artery, vein

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9
Q

What septa divides posterior compartment into superior and deep?

A

Transverse septa

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10
Q

Three superficial posterior leg muscles

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris
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11
Q

Gastrocnemius: medial and lateral head origin

A

Medial: popliteal surface above medial femoral condyle
Lateral: lateral femoral condyle

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12
Q

Which head of gastrocnemius is a lil larger and extends a lil further?

A

Medial head

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13
Q

Common insertion for superficial posterior muscles

A

calcaneus via calcaneus tendon

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14
Q

Which muscle in the leg may have a fabella close to the origin

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius

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15
Q

Fabellar stress fracture

A

Can occur after total knee replacements

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A

Plantarflexion, leg flexion

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17
Q

Triceps surae

A

Soleus + two heads of gastrocnemius

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18
Q

Soleus O

A

Soleal line of tibia, posterior head of fibula

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19
Q

Soleus action

A

Plantarflexion

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20
Q

Plantaris presence

A

Is small and often absent

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21
Q

Where does the long tendon of the plantaris run?

A

Between gastrocnemius and soleus

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22
Q

Plantaris origin

A

Lateral end of lateral supracondylar line

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23
Q

Plantaris

A

Weak plantarflexion, leg flexion - but mostly proprioceptive for foot position

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24
Q

What can the plantaris tendon be used for?

A

Reconstructive hand surgery

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25
Q

Plantaris rupture: susceptible populations

A

Basketball players, sprinters, dancers

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26
Q

Four deep posterior leg muscles

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor hallucis longus
  3. Flexor digitorum longus
  4. Tibialis posterior
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27
Q

Popliteus relation to plantaris

A

Deep to plantaris

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28
Q

Popliteus O and I

A

O: posterior tibia
I: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus

29
Q

Popliteus A (two things

A

Weak flexor, unlocks extended leg by laterally rotating femur on stationary tibia

30
Q

Popliteus relevance with the knee joint and popliteal fossa

A
  1. Separates LCL from lateral meniscus

2. Inferior floor of popliteal fossa

31
Q

Largest deep posterior muscle

A

Flexor hallucis longus

32
Q

Flexor hallucis longus O and I

A

O: inferior posterior fibula
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe

33
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus approach great toe at?

A

Between sesamoid bones in tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis

34
Q

Flexor hallucis longus A

A

Great toe flexion, plantarflexion

35
Q

Flexor digitorum longus relation to soleus

A

Deep to soleus

36
Q

Flexor digitorum longus O and I

A

O: posterior tibia
I: distal phalanx base of lateral four digits

37
Q

Path of the flexor digitorum longus tendon

A

Posterior to tibialis posterior -> diagonally in sole of foot, superficial to FHL tendon -> divides into four tendons for each lateral digit

38
Q

Flexor digitorum longus action

A

Flexes lateral four digits, plantarflexion

39
Q

Deepest posterior crural muscle

A

Tibialis posterior

40
Q

Tibialis posterior O and I

A

O: interosseous membrane, posterior tibia and fibula
I: navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, 204 metatarsal bases

41
Q

Which two muscles is the tibialis posterior between?

A

FDL, FHL

42
Q

Tibialis posterior action

A

Foot inversion, plantarflexion

43
Q

Innervation to all posterior leg muscles

A

Tibial N

44
Q

What does the tibial N run with?

A

Posterior tibial A and V

45
Q

Where does the tibial nerve pass deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Between medial malleolus + calcaneus

46
Q

Tibial N dividies into what?

A

Medial + lateral plantar N’s

47
Q

Two superficial nerves to the posterior leg

A
  1. Medial sural cutaneous N

2. Lateral sural cutaneous N

48
Q

What gives off medial and lateral sural cutaneous N’s?

A

Medial sural: tibial N

Lateral sural: common fibular N

49
Q

What does the medial sural cutaneous N run with?

A

Small saphenous V

50
Q

Artery to the posterior compartment

A

Posterior tibial A

51
Q

Posterior tibial A relation to Tibialis posterior

A

Posterior to tibialis posterior

52
Q

Largest branch of posterior tibial A

A

Fibular A

53
Q

What does the fibular A anastomose with in the foot?

A

Anterior lateral malleolar A

54
Q

What does the fibular A supply?

A

Posterolateral leg

55
Q

Two terminal branches of posterior tibial A

A

Medial plantar A, lateral plantar A

56
Q

How to palpate posterior tibial

A

Pt relaxes legs and inverts feet to relax flexor retinaculum - can palpate it deep to flexor retinaculum on posterior surface of medial malleolus

57
Q

A condition where one would want to palpate the posterior tibial A

A

Occlusive peripheral arterial disease

58
Q

Occlusive peripheral arterial disease

A

Ischemia of legs due to narrowing of arteries -> leg cramps and pain during walking

59
Q

Do genicular A’s supply muscles?

A

No!

60
Q

Superior medial and lateral geniculars: relation to gastrocnemius

A

Just superior to gastrocnemius origin

61
Q

Inferior medial genicular A relation to gastrocnemius

A

Deep to medial head of gastroc

62
Q

Inferior lateral genicular A relation to plantaris and popliteus

A

Deep to plantaris, superficial to popliteus

63
Q

Leg comparment syndrome

A

Trauma in leg can cause hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation in a given compartment -> pressure, ischemia, and permanent injury

64
Q

Possible treatment for leg compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy

65
Q

Fibular trochlea

A

Ridge on lateral calcaneus for fibularis muscle insertion

66
Q

Most lateral bone in the distal row of the tarsus

A

Cuboid

67
Q

Five bones that articulate with the cuboid

A

Calcaneus, 4th and 5th metatarsals, navicular, lateral cuneiform

68
Q

Cuboid sulcus

A

Groove in cuboid for fibularis longus

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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