2: Back Arthrology Flashcards
Whiplash is caused by what motion of the neck?
Hyperextension
What ligament is stretched or even torn in whiplash?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament role in fracture healing
After a fracture, patient should be kept in hyperextension so the anterior longitudinal L can “splint” the vertebral column, realigning fragments of bone to allow proper healing
What direction does herneation of the nucleus pulposus occur, and why?
Posterolaterally; annulus fibrosis has no support from anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments there
Two most common spots for disc herneation and why
L4/L5 & L5/S1; because the discs are larger and more mobile here
The second number rule for vertebral prolapse
In the C and L regions, the vertebral level at which a prolapse occurs will affect the spinal nerve number of the second vertebra
Why does the second number rule apply to cervical vertebrae?
Because there are 8 spinal nerves in the C region, so they are distributed number-wise differently than the other vertebral segments
Why does the second number rule apply to the lumbar spine?
Because the spinal nerve exits the vertebral canal superior to the intervertebral disc in L spine
C1-C2 joint type; vs joint type for the rest of the intervertebral joints
Compound synovial: planar + trochoid
Rest of intervertebral joints: symphysis
Where are the zygopophyseal joints?
Between superior and inferior articular facets
What type of joint are the zygopophyseal joints?
Planar synovial
What does anterior longitudinal ligament become in the cervical region?
Anterior Atlantooccipital membrane
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament become in C spine?
Tectorial membrane
What does the ligamentum flavum become in C spine?
Posterior atlantooccipital ligament
What does the supraspinous ligament become in the c spine?
Ligamentum nuchae
What type of joint is the atlantooccipital joint?
Condyloid synovial
Median Atlantoaxial joint: between what two things
Anterior facet of dens + articular facet for dens on atlas
What type of joint is the median Atlantoaxial joint
Trochoid joint
Three parts of the cruciate ligament
- Superior longitudinal band
- Transverse ligament of the atlas
- Inferior longitudinal band
Path of the transverse ligament of the atlas
Tubercle -> around dens -> contralateral tubercle
Two attachments of the alar ligament in the neck
Dens -> lateral margin of foramen magnum
Apical ligament of the dens: two attachments
Apex of dens -> anterior margin of foramen magnum
Lateral Atlantoaxial joint: between what
Superior and inferior articulating processes of atlas + axis
Lateral Atlantoaxial joint: type of joint
Planar synovial joint
Uncovertebral joint: where its located
Between uncinate process of inferior vertebra + inferior surface of superior vertebra
Joint type of the lumbosacral joint
Compound joint: symphysis + planar synovial
Iliolumbar ligament: two attachments
L5 transverse process -> iliac crest
Lumbosacral ligament two attachments
L5 transverse process and body -> sacral alae
Three ligaments absent in the lumbosacral region
Interspinous, intertransverse, supraspinous L’s
