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MSK Exam 1 > 4: Back Angiology And Neurology > Flashcards

4: Back Angiology And Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Transection of the spinal cord at different levels and its effect

A
  1. C1-3: no function below head; respirator necessary for life
  2. C4-5: no function of limbs, respiration capable
  3. C6-8: loss of hand and variable upper limb function, possible use of wheelchair
  4. T1-9: paralysis of lower limbs
  5. T10-L1: some thigh function, may walk using leg braces
  6. L2-3: most lower limb function present, may walk using short leg braces
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2
Q

Five categories of structures that can be injuring, causing back pain

A
  1. Fibroskeletal structures
  2. Meninges
  3. Synovial joints
  4. Intrinsic back muscles
  5. Spinal nerves and nerve roots
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3
Q

What is considered fibroskeletal structures of the back

A

Periosteum, ligaments

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4
Q

Anterior and posterior spinal A’s: how are they formed?

A

By two branches of each vertebral A uniting in the midline (this is true for anterior and posterior spinal A’s)

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5
Q

What do sulcal A’s supply?

A

Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

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6
Q

Another artery that can produce the posterior spinal A’s instead of the vertebral A

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar A

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7
Q

When the two vertebral arteries join in the cranial fossa, what artery is formed?

A

Basilar A

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8
Q

What does the inferior thyroid A supply?

A

Thyroid

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9
Q

Two muscles supplied by suprascapular A

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

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10
Q

What nerve does the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery travel with?

A

Spinal accessory N

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11
Q

What does the dorsal scapular A supply?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboids

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12
Q

Path of the dorsal scapular A

A

Superior to scapula -> along medial border -> muscle innervation

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13
Q

What is the largest but shortest branch of the axillary A

A

Subscapular A

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14
Q

Muscle supplied by thoracodorsal A

A

Latissimus dorsi

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15
Q

What does the internal iliac broadly supply?

A

Pelvic viscera, gluteal region, perineum

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16
Q

What levels are equatorial branches and periosteal branches of spinal A’s found?

A

Every level of the vertebral column

17
Q

What levels are spinal branches of spinal A’s found?

A

Every thoracic level

18
Q

When are anterior and posterior segmental medullary A’s used in place of anterior and posterior radicular A’s

A

Sporadically near the C and L enlargements

19
Q

Great anterior segmental medullary A

A

Much larger anterior segmental medullary A

20
Q

Location of external vs internal vertebral venous plexuses

A

External: anteriorly and posteriorly on spinal column
Internal: in vertebral canal

21
Q

What does the external vertebral venous plexus drain?

A

Basivertebral V’s

22
Q

What does the internal vertebral venous plexus drain?

A

Anterior and posterior medullary and radicular V’s, basivertebral V’s

23
Q

What do anterior and posterior medullary V’s drain and into what?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal V’s -> internal vertebral venous plexus

24
Q

How many anterior and posterior spinal V’s are there?

A

Three each, typically freely communicating

25
Q

Intervertebral V: drains what into what?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus -> segmental V’s

26
Q

Three segmental V’s

A

Lumbar, subcostal, posterior intercostal

27
Q

How much of the vertebral canal does the spinal cord occupy?

A

About 2/3rds

28
Q

Two things located in the epidural space

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus, epidural fat

29
Q

Dural root sheath

A

Lateral tapering extension of dura mater surrounding anterior and posterior rootlets (contains arachnoid mater too)

30
Q

Filum terminale externum

A

Filum terminale inferior to dural sac, travels through sacral hiatus and inserts on coccyx

31
Q

Where is CSF located?

A

Subarachnoid space

32
Q

What is in the lumbar cistern?

A

Cauda equina

33
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

Lateral extension of fibrous pia mater at regular intervals between spinal roots to attach to dural sac, suspending the spinal cord

34
Q

Filum terminale internum

A

Inferior continuation of pia mater after conus medullaris, eventually picks up layer of dura mater and becomes filum terminale externum

35
Q

Two spinal cord enlargements

A

C4-T1, T11-S1

36
Q

Path from spinal cord to rami

A

Spinal cord, spinal rootlets, spinal root, spinal nerve, spinal rami

37
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

38
Q

Recurrent meningeal branches

A

From anterior rami of whole spinal cord -> send sensory and sympathetic fibers to dura mater

39
Q

What is cauda equina anyway?

A

A bundle of anterior + posterior roots from lumbosacral enlargement and medullary cone

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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