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MSK Exam 1 > 3: Back Myology > Flashcards

3: Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles in Layer 1

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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2
Q

Muscles in layer 2

A

Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

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3
Q

Muscles in layer 3

A

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

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4
Q

Muscles in layer 4

A

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

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5
Q

Muscles in group 5 (9)

A
  1. Iliocostalis lumborum
  2. Iliocostalis thoracis
  3. Iliocostalis cervicis
  4. Longissimus thoracis
  5. Longissimus cervicis
  6. Longissimus capitis
  7. Spinalis thoracis
  8. Spinalis cervicis
  9. Spinalis capitis
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6
Q

Muscles in layer 6 (7)

A
  1. Semispinalis thoracis
  2. Semispinalis cervicis
  3. Semispinalis capitis
  4. Multifidus
  5. Rotatores longus
  6. Rotatores brevis
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7
Q

Back strain vs sprain

A

Strain: involving muscle fibers
Sprain: involving ligaments

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8
Q

Typical cause of back sprain

A

Inadequate stretching before activity

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9
Q

Typical cause of back strain

A

Overly strong muscular contraction

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10
Q

Four “other” deep back muscles

A
  1. Interspinalis
  2. Intertransversarii
  3. Levator costarum longus
  4. Levator costarum brevis
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11
Q

Four muscles of the suboccipital triangle

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Obliquus capitis inferior
  4. Obliquus capitis Superior
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12
Q

What broadly innervates extrinsic vs intrinsic back muscles

A

Extrinsic: anterior rami
Intrinsic: posterior rami

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13
Q

Trapezius O

A

T spine spinous processes, ligamentum nuchae, inion, superior nuchal line

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14
Q

Trapezius I

A

Scapular spine, clavicle, acromion

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15
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Rotate scapula superiorly, retract scapula

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16
Q

Trapezius upper vs lower fibers action

A

Upper fibers: elevate scapula

Lower fibers: depress scapula

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17
Q

Trapezius N

A

Spinal accessory N (CN XI) (C2-4 for sensory)

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18
Q

Two notable structures found beneath the trapezius

A

Spinal accessory N, transverse cervical A

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19
Q

Lat dorsi O

A

T6-L5 spinous processes, ribs 9-12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia -> median sacral crest

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20
Q

lat dorsi I

A

Humeral intertubercular groove

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21
Q

lat dorsi A

A

Extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus, rotate glenoid cavity inferior

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22
Q

Lat Dorsi N

A

Thoracodorsal N

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23
Q

Three structures deep to Latissimus dorsi, near the axilla

A

Thoracodorsal N, A, and V

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24
Q

rhomboid major and minor O

A

Major: spinous processes T2-5
Minor: spinous processes C7-T1, lig nuchae

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25
Q

Rhomboids I

A

Medial border of scapula

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26
Q

Rhomboids A

A

Retract/elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

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27
Q

Rhomboids N

A

Dorsal scapular N

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28
Q

Two structures deep to the rhomboids, near medial border of scapula

A

Dorsal scapular N and A

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29
Q

Levator scapulae O

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4

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30
Q

Levator scapulae I

A

Medial border of scapula

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31
Q

Levator scapulae A

A

Elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly, extends and laterally flexes neck if scapula is fixed

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32
Q

Levator scapulae N

A

Dorsal scapular N, C3, C4

33
Q

Levator scapulae blood supply

A

Dorsal scapular A

34
Q

Serratus posterior superior O

A

Nuchal L, spinous processes C7-T3

35
Q

Serratus posterior superior I

A

Inferior ribs 2-4

36
Q

Serratus posterior superior vs serratus posterior inferior A

A

Superior: elevate ribs with forced inspiration
Inferior: depresses ribs with forced expiration

37
Q

Serratus posterior superior N

A

Intercostal N

38
Q

Serratus posterior inferior O

A

Spinous processes T11-L2

39
Q

Serratus posterior inferior I

A

Inferior ribs 8-12

40
Q

Serratus posterior inferior N

A

Anterior rami T9-12

41
Q

Splenius capitis O

A

Nuchal L, spinous processes C7-T3

42
Q

Splenius capitis I

A

Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

43
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis A

A

Extend neck + unilaterally flexes neck, rotates face towards muscle

44
Q

Splenius capitis N

A

Posterior rami C3-5

45
Q

Splenius cervicis O

A

Spinous processes T3-6

46
Q

Splenius cervicis I

A

Transverse processes C1-3

47
Q

Splenius cervicis N

A

Posterior rami C5-7

48
Q

Erector spinae group action

A

Maintain erect posture, extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally flex vertebral column

49
Q

Erector spinae group N

A

Posterior rami

50
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum O and I

A

O: iliac crest, spinous processes T11-L5, sacrum
I: costal angles of ribs 6-12

51
Q

Iliocostalis thoracic O and I

A

O: costal angles ribs 6-12
I: costal angles ribs 1-6, transverse process C7

52
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis O and I

A

O: costal angle of ribs 3-6
I: posterior tubercles C4-6

53
Q

Longissimus thoracic O and I

A

O: same as iliocostalis lumborum
I: transverse processes T1-L2, ribs 3-12

54
Q

Longissimus cervicis O and I

A

O: transverse processes T1-5
I: posterior tubercles and articular processes C2-6

55
Q

Longissimus capitis O and I

A

O: transverse process T1-5, articular processes C4-7
I: mastoid process

56
Q

Spinalis thoracis O and I

A

O: spinous processes T11-L2
I: spinous processes T1-4

57
Q

Spinalis cervicis O and I

A

O: spinous processes T1-6
I: spinous process C2

58
Q

Spinalis capitis

A

Usually absent or blended with semispinalis capitis

59
Q

Semispinalis group A

A

Extend spine/neck, rotate spine/face away

60
Q

Semispinalis group N

A

Posterior rami

61
Q

Semispinalis thoracic O and I

A

O: transverse processes T6-12
I: spinous processes C6-T4

62
Q

Semispinalis cervicis O and I

A

O: transverse processes T1-6
I: spinous processes C2-5

63
Q

Semispinalis capitis O and I

A

O: transverse processes C7-T6
I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

64
Q

Multifidus O

A

Mammillary processes, transverse processes of T spine, articular processes of C4-7

65
Q

Multifidus I

A

Spinous processes of 3 Numeric segments superior (none on atlas)

66
Q

A for multifidus and rotatores muscles

A

Extend spine, rotate spine away

67
Q

Rotatores longus O and I

A

O: transverse processes
I: spinous processes 2 numeric segments superior

68
Q

Rotatores brevis O and I

A

O: transverse processes
I: spinous processes 1 numeric segment away

69
Q

Interspinalis: O, I and A

A

O: spinous process
I: adjacent spinous process
A: extend spine

70
Q

Intertransversarii: O, I and A

A

O: transverse process
I: adjacent transverse process
A: laterally flex spine

71
Q

Levator costarum longus and brevis O

A

Transverse processes of T spine

72
Q

Levator costarum brevis and longus I

A

Brevis: adjacent rib inferior to origin
Longus: 2nd rib inferior to origin

73
Q

Name the medial, inferior, and lateral borders of the suboccipital triangle

A

Medial: rectus captitis posterior major
Inferior: obliquus capitis inferior
Lateral: olbiquus capitis superior

74
Q

Innervation to muscles of the suboccipital triangle

A

Suboccipital N

75
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major O, I, and A

A

O: spinous process C2
I: inferior nuchal line
A: extend head, rotate face towards muscle

76
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor O, I, A

A

O: posterior tubercle C1
I: below inferior nuchal line
A: extend head

77
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior O, I, A

A

O: spinous process C2
I: transverse process C1
A: rotate face towards

78
Q

Obliquus capitis superior O, I, A

A

O: transverse process C1
I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: extend and laterally flex head

79
Q

Two important contents of suboccipital triangle

A

Vertebral A, suboccipital N

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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