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MSK Exam 1 > 7: Gastrulation And Embryonic Germ Layers > Flashcards

7: Gastrulation And Embryonic Germ Layers Flashcards

1
Q

What type of oocyte is released at ovulation?

A

Secondary oocyte

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2
Q

Three types of granulosa cells in follicle

A

Cumulus oophorous, mural granulosa cells, corona radiata

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3
Q

Cumulus oophorous

A

Anchor oocyte to follicle wall

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4
Q

Mural granulosa cells

A

Line wall of follicle

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5
Q

Corona radiata

A

Firmly anchored to ZP, remains around oocyte after fertilization

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6
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Head of sperm releases enzymes for passage through corona radiata and ZP

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7
Q

Zona reaction

A

Changes in ZP make it impermeable to other sperm once penetrated by one sperm

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8
Q

When does cleavage begin?

A

About 30hrs post-fertilization

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9
Q

Compaction

A

Cells divide but dont grow much in early stages bc they are limited in space by ZP

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10
Q

Blastocyst two parts

A

Trophoblast, embryoblast (AKA inner cell mass)

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11
Q

What does the trophoblast differentiate into

A

Cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts

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12
Q

What does embryoblast differentiate into?

A

Hypoblast, epiblast

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13
Q

What layer of cells is the hypoblast continuous with?

A

Exocoelomic membrane surrounding the exocoelomic cavity

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14
Q

What space is the epiblast surrounding?

A

Amnionic cavity

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15
Q

Early spontaneous abortion rate

A

~45%

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16
Q

Two major causes of early spontaneous abortions

A

Inadequate hormones from the CL; chromosomal abnormalities

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17
Q

What two cell layers form the primary umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)?

A

Hypoblast, exocoelomic membrane

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18
Q

What does the primary umbilical vesicle give rise to

A

Extraembryonic coelom

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19
Q

How does the secondary umbilical vesicle form?

A

Hypoblast cells migrate inside primary umbilical vesicle

20
Q

What type of cells have thier origin in the secondary umbilical vesicle

A

Primordial germ cells

21
Q

What two types of mesoderm form from the extraembryonic mesoderm, and what separates the mesoderm into these two parts?

A

Extraembryonic coelom: separates extraembryonic mesoderm -> extraembryonic somatic + splanchnic mesoderm

22
Q

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm: lines what two things

A

Trophoblast + amnion

23
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm: surrounds what

A

Umbilical vesicle

24
Q

Two structures that form the chorionic sac

A

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm + trophoblast

25
Q

Chorion

A

Fetal component of the placenta

26
Q

Where is the most common location for ectopic pregnancies

A

Oviduct

27
Q

Gastrulation

A

Epiblast cells migrate to form the primary germ layers

28
Q

What is the starting point of gastrulation

A

Formation of the primitive streak

29
Q

What germ layer is epithelia from?

A

All three

30
Q

5 things that come from ectoderm

A
  1. Epidermis and derivatives
  2. CNS and PNS
  3. NCCs
  4. Eyes
  5. Internal ears
31
Q

8 things that come from mesoderm

A
  1. Skeletal and smooth muscle
  2. Serosal linings
  3. Urogenital ducts and organs
  4. CV system and blood cells
  5. Endothelium
  6. Cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments
  7. Dermis
  8. Stroma of trunk organs
32
Q

3 Things that come from endoderm

A
  1. GI and resp epithelium
  2. GI tract glands
  3. Glands of accessory GI organs (liver, pancreas)
33
Q

What germ layer is formed by the notochordal process?

A

Mesoderm

34
Q

What day is the notochordal process complete by?

A

Day 20

35
Q

What does the notochordal process extend from -> to?

A

Primitive node -> prechordal plate

36
Q

What does the notochordal process form?

A

Notochord

37
Q

Notochord major function

A

Primary signaling center for early embryo

38
Q

Two things the notochord signals for

A
  1. Formation of neural plate

2. Development of axial musculoskeleton

39
Q

What does the notochord degenerate into?

A

Nucleus pulposus

40
Q

In notochord formation, what happens when the floor of the notochord and the endoderm fuse?

A

The layer degenerate, allowing notochord canal and umbilical vessel to have contact

41
Q

Caudal eminence

A

Tail bud; a group of median mesodermal cells in the caudal region

42
Q

What forms the caudal eminence?

A

Swelling of the primitive streak caudally

43
Q

Three cell types formed by the caudal eminence?

A

Caudal neural tube, NCCs, caudal somites

44
Q

Cell type that forms sacrococcygeal tumors

A

Primitive streak cells (from any/all germ layers)

45
Q

Population most affected by sacrococcygeal teratomas

A

Females

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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