9- Genetics Flashcards
What is the genotype?
The complete set of genetic materials
What does the double helix inside DNA consist of?
4 proteins
What is the phenotype?
Observable physical appearance or measurable psychological trait
Where is DNA located?
Inside the nucleus
How is DNA arranged?
In a double helix
What are the names of the horizontal bars (bases) within DNA?
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
How many chromosomes are in humans?
23 pairs
Why are chromosomes copied/replicated in reproduction?
To pass on to the next generation
What are the female sex chromosomes?
XX
What are the male sex chromosomes?
XY
How many pairs of autosomes are there?
22
What does Mendel’s law of inheritance say about dominant alleles?
Only one copy of the dominant allele needs to be expressed
What does Mendel’s law of inheritance say about recessive alleles?
Two copies of the recessive allele are needed to be expressed
When do mutations occur?
When DNA replication goes wrong
What can mutated genes sometimes cause?
Cancer
