2- Brain Cells Flashcards by Laura Mantle | Brainscape

Q

2 types of brain cells

A

Neurons and glial cells

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Q

What type of transmission is involved with neurons?

A

Electrical

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Q

4 main structures in neurons

A

Soma
Dendrites
Axons
Organelles

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Q

Where is the soma located?

A

The centre of the neuron

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Q

What is involved in transcription?

A

DNA –> RNA –> mRNA

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Q

What is involved in translation?

A

mRNA binds to ribosomes to translate into proteins

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Q

What are axons highly specialised for?

A

Information transfer

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Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

The region where the axon originates

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Q

What are the 3 main organelles in a neuron?

A

Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Neuronal membrane

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Q

Why are mitochondria important?

A

Respiration and production of ATP

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Q

What is the cytoskeleton responsible for?

A

The cell shape

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Q

What relation do glial cells have to neurons?

A

Support for neurons

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Q

When are glial cells important?

A

In brain signalling

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Q

2 types of glial cells

A

Astrocytes and microglia

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Q

Where are astrocytes?

A

In gaps between neurons

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Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Influence neurite growth

Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

Remove dead neurons and debris