7- Classes of Movement Flashcards
3 classes of movement
Reflexes, rhythmic/central pattern generators, voluntary neurons
3 aspects of reflexes
Involuntary, rapid, stereotyped
3 structures involved in reflexes
Spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles
Example of a reflex
Knee jerk reflex
How is action caused in a reflex?
Motor neuron passes information to the muscle
What is controlled by proprioception?
Position of muscles and balance
What does proprioception allow?
Us to have a sense of where our body is in space
What happens if proprioception is lost?
Someone needs to look at what parts of their body are doing in order to move
What in kinaesthesia involved in?
Movement and learning- knowing how to perform actions
What is deafferentation?
Destruction of afferent connections
3 examples of rhythmic pattern generators
Walking, running, chewing
What is combined in rhythmic pattern generators?
Voluntary and reflexive acts
Does the brain have a role in rhythmic pattern generators?
Brain needed to start and stop action but involuntary once initiated
What happens in a spinal interneuron?
Walking is initiated when a steady input excited two interneurons that control flexors and extensors
Why does activity alternate in a spinal interneuron?
Because they inhibit each other via interneurons (cross inhibition)
3 examples of voluntary neurons
Writing, playing piano, football
4 aspects of voluntary neurons
Purposeful, goal-directed, learned, complex
3 levels of the motor control hierarchy
High- strategy
Middle- tactics
Low- execution
2 areas involved in strategy
Association areas of neocortex, basal ganglia
What is strategy?
Goal of movement, best strategy to reach a goal
2 areas involved in tactics
Motor cortex, cerebellum
What are tactics?
Sequence of muscle contraction arranged in space and time to smoothly and accurately achieve the strategic goal
2 areas involved in execution
Brainstem, spinal cord
What is execution?
Activation of the motor neuron and interneuron pools that generate the movement and adjustments of posture
