9. Digestive System Chp. 17

Question 1

Digestive system made up of?

Answer 1

alimentary canal and accessory organs

Question 2

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 2

transport
digestion
absorption
defecation

Question 3

Transport

Answer 3

transport food along the digestive tube

Question 4

digestion

Answer 4

breakdown food (mechanically and chemically) into the respective smallest molecule for absorption

Question 5

absorption

Answer 5

crossing a membrane, transfer digested food first into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph via lacteals of the villi

Question 6

defecation

Answer 6

elimination of undigested residue

Question 7

Mucus membrane (mucosa)

Answer 7

protection, inner lining.

Question 8

Submucosa

Answer 8

Loose CT, glands, blood, and lymph vessels,

Question 9

Plexus

Answer 9

nourishes and transports absorbed materials

Question 10

Muscular layer

Answer 10

smooth muscle, inner circular, outer longitudinal

Question 11

Serous Layer

Answer 11

AKA visceral peritoneum;

protects and lubricates

Question 12

Peristalsis

Answer 12

wave like rhythmic contractions propel food through the alimentary canal

Question 13

segmentation

Answer 13

mixing contractions within the tubes

Question 14

tongue

Answer 14

muscular organ, aids in swallowing and the process of chewing food, taste receptors

Question 15

Lingual Frenulum

Answer 15

there so one doesn’t swallow own tongue

Question 16

Palate

Answer 16

hard and soft with uvula

Question 17

teeth

Answer 17

tearing and chewing food (mastication)

Question 18

Molars and bicuspids

Answer 18

for grinding

Question 19

Canines (cuspids)

Answer 19

tearing

Question 20

Incisors

Answer 20

biting

Question 21

Parotid

Answer 21

largest gland. located anterior/inferior to each ear

Question 22

submandibular

Answer 22

below the jaw

Question 23

sublingual

Answer 23

below the tongue

Question 24

Pharynx

Answer 24

Cavity behind the mouth

Question 25

Esophagus

Answer 25

transportsfood from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 26

Diaphragm

Answer 26

esophageal hiatus

Question 27

Stomach

Answer 27

J shaped organ

Question 28

Rugae

Answer 28

inner folds that allow the stomach to expand

Question 29

Functions of the stomach

Answer 29

receive, mix, start protein digestion, minimal absorption

Question 30

Parts of the stomach

Answer 30

Cardiac region, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 31

Cardiac region

Answer 31

near esophagus

Question 32

Fundus

Answer 32

upper part of the stomach

Question 33

Body

Answer 33

main and largest part of the stomach

Question 34

Pylorus

Answer 34

lower narrow portion with sphincter

Question 35

Chief cells

Answer 35

(peptic) pepsinogen for protein. on contact with HCL converts to pepsin

Question 36

Parietal cells

Answer 36

HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 37

HCL

Answer 37

destroys bacteria | Activates pepsinogen

Question 38

Mucous cells

Answer 38

(goblet) mucous for protection

Question 39

Gastric juice

Answer 39

mucous cells + chief cells + parietal cells = gastric juice

Question 40

Vagal nerve

Answer 40

(para) stimulates gastric juice and gastrin release

Question 41

Acid

Answer 41

in small intestine triggers sympathetics to inhibit gastric juice

Question 42

Cholecystokinin

Answer 42

presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine stimulate the release of cholecystokinin. decreases gastric motility and the release of pancreas juice

Question 43

Chyme

Answer 43

semifluid paste

Question 44

First part of the small intestine

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

Cholecystokinin (simple terms)

Answer 45

slows down gastric motility increases pancreatic juice increase bile

Question 46

Vagal Nerve (simple terms)

Answer 46

Increase gastric juice | Gastrin release

Question 47

Pancreas

Answer 47

Endorcrine and digestive system

Question 48

amylase

Answer 48

starch/glycogen into disaccharides

Question 49

lipase

Answer 49

fats

Question 50

nucleasaes

Answer 50

nucleic acids (dna and rna)

Question 51

insulin

Answer 51

cellular uptake of glucose

Question 52

glucagons

Answer 52

release of glucose from the liver

Question 53

Functions of the Liver

Answer 53

``` Forms bile Storage of glucose/glycogen Deaminating amino acids Removes toxins from blood Remove RBC Forming urea Amino Acid conversion ```

Question 54

Bile

Answer 54

emulsifies so lipases can digest the fat molecules

Question 55

gallbladder

Answer 55

stores bile

Question 56

Emulsification

Answer 56

break fat into smaller pieces of fat

Question 57

Small intestine function

Answer 57

absorption and chemical digestion

Question 58

Intestinal villi

Answer 58

finger-like projections

Question 59

Plicae Circulares

Answer 59

Circular folds that increase surface area

Question 60

Chylomicron

Answer 60

fatty acids collected clusters and encased in proteins

Question 61

Proteins breakdown into?

Answer 61

amino acids

Question 62

Fats breakdown into?

Answer 62

fatty acids, glycerols

Question 63

Carbs breakdown into?

Answer 63

monosac.

Question 64

Large intestine parts

Answer 64

cecum colon rectum anal canal with anus

Question 65

cecum

Answer 65

pouch like at beginning of LI

Question 66

Colon

Answer 66

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 67

rectum

Answer 67

anterior to sacrum, temp storage for wastes

Question 68

Functions of LI

Answer 68

reabsorption of water, bile, salts vitamin synthesis Feces elimination

Question 69

Diverticulosis

Answer 69

the wall weakens and inner mucus membranes protrudes primary from a lack of fiber

Question 70

Feces

Answer 70

undigested/unabsorbed material, water, mucus, bacteria