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Bio 110 > 9. Digestive System Chp. 17 > Flashcards

9. Digestive System Chp. 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestive system made up of?

A

alimentary canal and accessory organs

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2
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

transport
digestion
absorption
defecation

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3
Q

Transport

A

transport food along the digestive tube

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4
Q

digestion

A

breakdown food (mechanically and chemically) into the respective smallest molecule for absorption

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5
Q

absorption

A

crossing a membrane, transfer digested food first into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph via lacteals of the villi

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6
Q

defecation

A

elimination of undigested residue

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7
Q

Mucus membrane (mucosa)

A

protection, inner lining.

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8
Q

Submucosa

A

Loose CT, glands, blood, and lymph vessels,

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9
Q

Plexus

A

nourishes and transports absorbed materials

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10
Q

Muscular layer

A

smooth muscle, inner circular, outer longitudinal

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11
Q

Serous Layer

A

AKA visceral peritoneum;

protects and lubricates

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

wave like rhythmic contractions propel food through the alimentary canal

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13
Q

segmentation

A

mixing contractions within the tubes

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14
Q

tongue

A

muscular organ, aids in swallowing and the process of chewing food, taste receptors

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15
Q

Lingual Frenulum

A

there so one doesn’t swallow own tongue

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16
Q

Palate

A

hard and soft with uvula

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17
Q

teeth

A

tearing and chewing food (mastication)

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18
Q

Molars and bicuspids

A

for grinding

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19
Q

Canines (cuspids)

A

tearing

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20
Q

Incisors

A

biting

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21
Q

Parotid

A

largest gland. located anterior/inferior to each ear

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22
Q

submandibular

A

below the jaw

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23
Q

sublingual

A

below the tongue

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24
Q

Pharynx

A

Cavity behind the mouth

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25
Q

Esophagus

A

transportsfood from the pharynx to the stomach

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26
Q

Diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

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27
Q

Stomach

A

J shaped organ

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28
Q

Rugae

A

inner folds that allow the stomach to expand

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29
Q

Functions of the stomach

A

receive, mix, start protein digestion, minimal absorption

30
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

Cardiac region, fundus, body, pylorus

31
Q

Cardiac region

A

near esophagus

32
Q

Fundus

A

upper part of the stomach

33
Q

Body

A

main and largest part of the stomach

34
Q

Pylorus

A

lower narrow portion with sphincter

35
Q

Chief cells

A

(peptic) pepsinogen for protein. on contact with HCL converts to pepsin

36
Q

Parietal cells

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

37
Q

HCL

A

destroys bacteria

Activates pepsinogen

38
Q

Mucous cells

A

(goblet) mucous for protection

39
Q

Gastric juice

A

mucous cells + chief cells + parietal cells = gastric juice

40
Q

Vagal nerve

A

(para) stimulates gastric juice and gastrin release

41
Q

Acid

A

in small intestine triggers sympathetics to inhibit gastric juice

42
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine stimulate the release of cholecystokinin. decreases gastric motility and the release of pancreas juice

43
Q

Chyme

A

semifluid paste

44
Q

First part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

45
Q

Cholecystokinin (simple terms)

A

slows down gastric motility
increases pancreatic juice
increase bile

46
Q

Vagal Nerve (simple terms)

A

Increase gastric juice

Gastrin release

47
Q

Pancreas

A

Endorcrine and digestive system

48
Q

amylase

A

starch/glycogen into disaccharides

49
Q

lipase

A

fats

50
Q

nucleasaes

A

nucleic acids (dna and rna)

51
Q

insulin

A

cellular uptake of glucose

52
Q

glucagons

A

release of glucose from the liver

53
Q

Functions of the Liver

A 
Forms bile
Storage of glucose/glycogen
Deaminating amino acids
Removes toxins from blood
Remove RBC
Forming urea
Amino Acid conversion
54
Q

Bile

A

emulsifies so lipases can digest the fat molecules

55
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

56
Q

Emulsification

A

break fat into smaller pieces of fat

57
Q

Small intestine function

A

absorption and chemical digestion

58
Q

Intestinal villi

A

finger-like projections

59
Q

Plicae Circulares

A

Circular folds that increase surface area

60
Q

Chylomicron

A

fatty acids collected clusters and encased in proteins

61
Q

Proteins breakdown into?

A

amino acids

62
Q

Fats breakdown into?

A

fatty acids, glycerols

63
Q

Carbs breakdown into?

A

monosac.

64
Q

Large intestine parts

A

cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal with anus

65
Q

cecum

A

pouch like at beginning of LI

66
Q

Colon

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

67
Q

rectum

A

anterior to sacrum, temp storage for wastes

68
Q

Functions of LI

A

reabsorption of water, bile, salts
vitamin synthesis
Feces elimination

69
Q

Diverticulosis

A

the wall weakens and inner mucus membranes protrudes primary from a lack of fiber

70
Q

Feces

A

undigested/unabsorbed material, water, mucus, bacteria

Bio 110 (12 decks)

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