8. Human & Growth & Development Chp 23

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

increase in size

Question 2

development

Answer 2

process of change from one life phase to another. includes prenatal and postnatal

Question 3

Oocyte life

Answer 3

last 24 hours

Question 4

Sperm life

Answer 4

last 72 hours

Question 5

pregnancy

Answer 5

intercourse should (or not) be within 722 hours pre or 24 hours post ovulation

Question 6

fertilization

Answer 6

sperm reaching the secondary oocyte invade the follicular cells and bind to the zona pellucida. the first sperm head to enter the egg cell triggers lysosome-like vesicles just beneath the egg cell’s membrane to release enzymes that harden in the z.p

Question 7

Prenatal period (38 weeks)

Answer 7

zygote into smaller cells (blastomeres) as it moves to the uterus (3 days). by then its a solid morula which hollows out (blastocyst) and attaches by day 7. the inner portion becomes the embryo proper, outer wall makes up the tropoblast

Question 8

Placenta Hormones

Answer 8

hCG Progesterone Estrogen Relaxin Lactogen

Question 9

hCG

Answer 9

Prevents spontaneous abortions, maintains corpus luteum

Question 10

Progesterone and estrogen

Answer 10

promotes development of uterine wall

Question 11

Relaxin

Answer 11

(corpus luteum) relaxes smooth muscle and ligaments

Question 12

Lactogen

Answer 12

(placenta) stimulates breast development, gets you ready for milk production

Question 13

Embryonic (2nd-8th week)

Answer 13

the inner portion of the blastocyst becomes the embryonic disk

Question 14

Endoderm

Answer 14

epithelial lining, digestive

Question 15

Mesoderm

Answer 15

Muscle, bone, blood, CT, internal repro organs, kidneys

Question 16

Ectoderm

Answer 16

Nervous, epidermis

Question 17

Chorion

Answer 17

second layer of the trophoblast develops

Question 18

Chronic Villi

Answer 18

Projections, grow from this into the endometrium

Question 19

Connecting Stalk

Answer 19

attaches embryo to the placenta, this eventually gives rise to the umbilical cord

Question 20

Syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 20

separates embryonic blood from maternal blood but allows for the exchange of blood gases and nutrient/wastes

Question 21

Amnion

Answer 21

second inner membrane develops around the embryo producing and containing amniotic fluid

Question 22

Teratogens

Answer 22

factors causing congenital malformations by affecting the embryo during rapid growth

Question 23

Lanugo

Answer 23

downy hair

Question 24

Flow of blood from umbilical cord

Answer 24

Question 25

Blood flow from umbilical cord (word version)

Answer 25

Umbilical vein–> liver and ductus venosus. from the ductus venosus to the LUC–> right atrium–> foramen ovale–> left atrium–> left ventricle–> to the heart and brain. from the brain to the super vena cava–> right ventricle–> pulmonary trunk–> ductus arteriosus–> arch–> to the lower body and the cord

Question 26

Parturition

Answer 26

birth process

Question 27

Early hormones during birth

Answer 27

progesterone, suppresses uterine contractions

Question 28

Placenta

Answer 28

afterbirth

Question 29

Involution

Answer 29

Process of shrinking of the uterus (several week process)

Question 30

Colostrum

Answer 30

first milk

Question 31

Significance of first breath

Answer 31

uncollapses lungs, expands airway