8. Human & Growth & Development Chp 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth

A

increase in size

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2
Q

development

A

process of change from one life phase to another. includes prenatal and postnatal

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3
Q

Oocyte life

A

last 24 hours

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4
Q

Sperm life

A

last 72 hours

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5
Q

pregnancy

A

intercourse should (or not) be within 722 hours pre or 24 hours post ovulation

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6
Q

fertilization

A

sperm reaching the secondary oocyte invade the follicular cells and bind to the zona pellucida. the first sperm head to enter the egg cell triggers lysosome-like vesicles just beneath the egg cell’s membrane to release enzymes that harden in the z.p

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7
Q

Prenatal period (38 weeks)

A

zygote into smaller cells (blastomeres) as it moves to the uterus (3 days). by then its a solid morula which hollows out (blastocyst) and attaches by day 7. the inner portion becomes the embryo proper, outer wall makes up the tropoblast

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8
Q

Placenta Hormones

A

hCG Progesterone Estrogen Relaxin Lactogen

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9
Q

hCG

A

Prevents spontaneous abortions, maintains corpus luteum

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10
Q

Progesterone and estrogen

A

promotes development of uterine wall

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11
Q

Relaxin

A

(corpus luteum) relaxes smooth muscle and ligaments

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12
Q

Lactogen

A

(placenta) stimulates breast development, gets you ready for milk production

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13
Q

Embryonic (2nd-8th week)

A

the inner portion of the blastocyst becomes the embryonic disk

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14
Q

Endoderm

A

epithelial lining, digestive

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15
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscle, bone, blood, CT, internal repro organs, kidneys

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16
Q

Ectoderm

A

Nervous, epidermis

17
Q

Chorion

A

second layer of the trophoblast develops

18
Q

Chronic Villi

A

Projections, grow from this into the endometrium

19
Q

Connecting Stalk

A

attaches embryo to the placenta, this eventually gives rise to the umbilical cord

20
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

separates embryonic blood from maternal blood but allows for the exchange of blood gases and nutrient/wastes

21
Q

Amnion

A

second inner membrane develops around the embryo producing and containing amniotic fluid

22
Q

Teratogens

A

factors causing congenital malformations by affecting the embryo during rapid growth

23
Q

Lanugo

A

downy hair

24
Q

Flow of blood from umbilical cord

A
25
Q

Blood flow from umbilical cord (word version)

A

Umbilical vein–> liver and ductus venosus. from the ductus venosus to the LUC–> right atrium–> foramen ovale–> left atrium–> left ventricle–> to the heart and brain. from the brain to the super vena cava–> right ventricle–> pulmonary trunk–> ductus arteriosus–> arch–> to the lower body and the cord

26
Q

Parturition

A

birth process

27
Q

Early hormones during birth

A

progesterone, suppresses uterine contractions

28
Q

Placenta

A

afterbirth

29
Q

Involution

A

Process of shrinking of the uterus (several week process)

30
Q

Colostrum

A

first milk

31
Q

Significance of first breath

A

uncollapses lungs, expands airway