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Bio 110 > 1. Respiratory System Chp 19 (exam 1) > Flashcards

1. Respiratory System Chp 19 (exam 1) Flashcards

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0
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in/out of the lungs

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1
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A

Supplies oxygen to cells and removes co2 to produce ATP

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2
Q

External

A

Exchange of gases between the air and blood (needs to get to the blood from the lungs)

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3
Q

Internal

A

Exchange of gases between blood and cells

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4
Q

Cellular

A

The use of oxygen by cells to produce ATP and release co2

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5
Q

Turbinates

A

Concha lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

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6
Q

Functions of nasal cavity

A

Filters air
Air passageway into body
Warms and moistens air
Chemoreceptors for smell

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7
Q

Larynx structures

A 
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal cords
Glottis
Epiglottis 
Cricoid
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8
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

In male it’s the Adam’s apple

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9
Q

Vocal cords

A

Muscle and elastic fibers that vibrate to cause sounds

Upper is false
Lower is true

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10
Q

Glottis

A

Opening between vocal cords; closes with swallowing to prevent aspiration

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11
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap like structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing

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12
Q

Cricoid

A

Lowest

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13
Q

Smoking

A 
It slows and causes paralysis destroys cili
Causes excess mucous
Causes chronic bronchitis
Coughs 
Cancer
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14
Q

Functions of larynx

A

Passageway for air
Prevents food from entering air trachea
Houses vocal cords

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15
Q

Trachea

A

Lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

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16
Q

Functions of trachea

A

Air passageway from larynx to bronchi

Traps particles and move particles to pharynx

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17
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Branched airways from trachea

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18
Q

Functions of bronchial tree as a whole

A

Air passageway from trachea to lungs

Traps particles and moves particles to trachea

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19
Q

Rales

A

Explosive opening of small collapsed airways and alveoli

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20
Q

Ronchi

A

Course rattle excessive secretions of mucous in bronchi

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21
Q

Lungs

A

Soft spongy, cone shaped organs

22
Q

Right side lung

A

Has 3 lobes

23
Q

Left side of lung

A

Has 2 lobes

24
Q

What are each lung suspended by?

A

By primary bronchus and blood vessels

25
Q

Where do these tubes enter through?

A

The region as the hi-lum

26
Q

Diaphragm contracts

A

Via the phrenic nerve. Pulls down on visceral organs and the intra-alveolar pressure drops 2mm Hg

27
Q

Surfactant

A

The moist inner surface of the alveoli is cohesive (produces surface tension)

28
Q

Compliance (distensibility)

A

Lung expansion ability

29
Q

Elastic recoil

A

Breathe out

30
Q

Total lung capacity

A

6 liters

31
Q

Tidal volume

A

Air entering/leaving (normal in and out breathing)

32
Q

Resting tidal volume

A

Normal breathing inhalation 500mL

33
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible

34
Q

Residual volume

A

Air that remains in the lungs after complete exhalation

35
Q

Physiologic dead space

A

Anatomic dead space + alveolar dead space

36
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Tidal volume X breathing rate

37
Q

Non respiratory movements

A 
Cough
Hiccup
Sneeze
Yawning
 Laughing
Speech
38
Q

Pons and medulla

A

Controls respiratory center

39
Q

Ventral respiratory group

A

Impulses to diaphragm/inspiratory muscles for basic rhythm

40
Q

Dorsal respiratory group

A

Assist in deep breathing by increasing inspiratory movement

41
Q

Pontine respiratory group

A

Send impulses to the MRA to increase rate of breathing or slow it

42
Q

Inflation reflex (hering- Breuer)

A

Stretch receptors in alveoli and bronchioles via vagus to PRG to shorten inspiratory movement

43
Q

Alveolar gas exchange

A

Occurs between the alveolus and capillaries thru the respiratory membrane via diffusion

44
Q

Alveolar cells

A

Type 1

Type 2

45
Q

Type 2

A

Creates surfactant

46
Q

Alveolar pores

A

Helps with distribution of gases

47
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Protests lungs, die by being swept by mucous

48
Q

Respiratory movement

A

O2 and co2 diffuse through

49
Q

Oxygen

A

98% is carried in the blood combined with hemoglobin

2% is absorbed through the skin

50
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Metabolic waste from ATP production

51
Q

Carries for carbon dioxide

A

loosely bound to hemoglobin
Dissolved in the plasma
Formation of bicarbonate (most common)

52
Q

Movement of co2 and o2

A

Body makes bi-carb. Chemical reaction is reversed in lungs. Co2 is released, o2 is brought in

Bio 110 (12 decks)

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