7. Reproductive Systems Chp 22

Question 0

Cryptorchidism

Answer 0

Undescended testes

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

Suspended by a spermatic cord (vas deferens)

Descend 6 weeks before birth, pass through the inguinal canal guided by the gubernaculum

Question 2

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 2

25% of males have an open peritoneal pouch allowing for intestinal matter to enter the inguinal canal

Question 3

Spermatogenic cells

Answer 3

Baby sperm

Question 4

Functions of the testes

Answer 4

Produce sperm cells

Produce testosterone

Question 5

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 5

Testicle enlargement

Necessary for reproduction

Question 6

Secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 6

For attraction
Lowers voice
Skin thickens
Muscular growth
Growth in height

Question 7

Spermatogenesis

Answer 7

Process of producing sperm cells

Question 8

Sustentacular

Answer 8

Supporting cells

Question 9

M1

Answer 9

Separates homologous chromosome pairs

Question 10

Tetrads

Answer 10

Form pairs that exchange segments of DNA (crossover)

Question 11

M2

Answer 11

Separates chromatids

Question 12

Sperm continuous production

Answer 12

Spermatogonia -> primary spermocytes (46). -> secondary spermocytes (23). -> spermatids (23). -> mature sperm cells

Question 13

Epididymis

Answer 13

Sperm maturation. Motility develops

Question 14

Vas deferens

Answer 14

Sperm storage (60days)

Question 15

Seminal vesicles

Answer 15

Produce fructose, milk alkaline fluid

Question 16

Prostate gland

Answer 16

At the base of the urinary bladder. Produces an alkaline solution to neutralize the acidic sperm cell-containing fluid and neutralize the acidic vagina allowing the sperm to become active

Question 17

Bilbourethral glands

Answer 17

Produce a mucus secretion. Lubrication for sexual intercourse

Question 18

Capacitation

Answer 18

Fertilization potential

Question 19

Scrotum

Answer 19

Sac like structure that houses the testes. Contains layer of smooth muscle (dartos) for maintaining proper temperature.

Question 20

Penis

Answer 20

Male copulatory organ. Organ used to transfer sperm and urine

Question 21

Erection

Answer 21

The increased blood flow compresses the penile veins

Question 22

Emission

Answer 22

Is the movement of sperm and secretions are a result of peristaltic contractions of associated smooth muscle

Question 23

Ejaculation

Answer 23

As the urethra fills with semen the skeletal muscles at the base of the penis rhythmically contract

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Secretes GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone causing

Question 25

LH (icsh)

Answer 25

Development of testicular interstitial cells (leydig) which secrete sex hormones (androgens)

Question 26

FSH

Answer 26

Stimulate supporting (sustentacular) cells of the seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone causing spermatogenesis

Question 27

Androgens

Answer 27

Primarily the testicles some from the adrenal cortex. Negative feedback to the hypothalamus.

Question 28

Purpose of the female repro system

Answer 28

Produce, maintain and transport female sex cells (ova/egg) produce sex hormones

Question 29

Ovaries

Answer 29

Held by suspensory ligament attached to uterus by ovarian ligament

Question 30

Oogenesis

Answer 30

Producing egg cells (oocytes)

Question 31

Zonal pellucida (clear zone)

Answer 31

Glycoprotein layer

Question 32

Graafian

Answer 32

Secondary follicles, release it's contents on day 14 under the influence of LH the process is called ovulation

Question 33

Zygote

Answer 33

Fertilized egg cell

Question 34

Uterine tubes (Fallopian/oviduct)

Answer 34

Transport egg from ovary to uterus.

Question 35

Uterus

Answer 35

Fist size organ. Dome topped fundus, upper body and lower cervix. Produces a mucus plug during pregnancy

Question 36

Layers of the uterus

Answer 36

Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium

Question 37

Endometrium

Answer 37

Inner layer, columnar epithelium, vascular tissues. Provides nourishment to the embryo-> baby

Question 38

Myometrium

Answer 38

Middle layer, smooth muscle. "Pops out the baby during labor"

Question 39

Perimetrium

Answer 39

Outer layer that covers the uterus

Question 40

Vagina

Answer 40

Female copulatory organ. Acidic pH to prevent pathogens

Question 41

Labia majora

Answer 41

Enclose and protect the rest of the vulva

Question 42

Labia minora

Answer 42

Vascular folds along the vestibule

Question 43

Clitoris

Answer 43

Small sensory projection in anterior vulva. Homologous to penis

Question 44

Vestibule

Answer 44

Opening to urethra and vagina

Question 45

FSH

Answer 45

Ovarian follicle maturation

Question 46

LH

Answer 46

Stimulates follicular cells to produce estrogens and progesterones

Question 47

Estrogens

Answer 47

At puberty triggers menarche, uterine changes during repro cycle.

Question 48

Menstrual cycle

Answer 48

0 (proliferative) --> day 14 (ovulation) --> day 28 (secrete and implant or secretory and menses (progesterone)

Question 49

Corpus luteum

Answer 49

Yellow body which no secretes progesterone and estrogens to inhibit FSH and LH. This prevents additional follicle formation and continued ovulation.

Question 50

If pregnant:

Answer 50

HCG increases and prevents menses

Question 51

If not pregnant:

Answer 51

Corpus luteum degeneration with decreased estrogen and progesterone resulting in menses and eventual elevation of FSH and LH