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Bio 110 > 7. Reproductive Systems Chp 22 > Flashcards

7. Reproductive Systems Chp 22 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testes

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1
Q

Testes

A

Suspended by a spermatic cord (vas deferens)

Descend 6 weeks before birth, pass through the inguinal canal guided by the gubernaculum

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2
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

25% of males have an open peritoneal pouch allowing for intestinal matter to enter the inguinal canal

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3
Q

Spermatogenic cells

A

Baby sperm

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4
Q

Functions of the testes

A

Produce sperm cells

Produce testosterone

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5
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Testicle enlargement

Necessary for reproduction

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6
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A 
For attraction
Lowers voice
Skin thickens
Muscular growth
Growth in height
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7
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Process of producing sperm cells

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8
Q

Sustentacular

A

Supporting cells

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9
Q

M1

A

Separates homologous chromosome pairs

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10
Q

Tetrads

A

Form pairs that exchange segments of DNA (crossover)

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11
Q

M2

A

Separates chromatids

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12
Q

Sperm continuous production

A

Spermatogonia -> primary spermocytes (46). -> secondary spermocytes (23). -> spermatids (23). -> mature sperm cells

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Sperm maturation. Motility develops

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14
Q

Vas deferens

A

Sperm storage (60days)

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Produce fructose, milk alkaline fluid

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16
Q

Prostate gland

A

At the base of the urinary bladder. Produces an alkaline solution to neutralize the acidic sperm cell-containing fluid and neutralize the acidic vagina allowing the sperm to become active

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17
Q

Bilbourethral glands

A

Produce a mucus secretion. Lubrication for sexual intercourse

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18
Q

Capacitation

A

Fertilization potential

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19
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac like structure that houses the testes. Contains layer of smooth muscle (dartos) for maintaining proper temperature.

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20
Q

Penis

A

Male copulatory organ. Organ used to transfer sperm and urine

21
Q

Erection

A

The increased blood flow compresses the penile veins

22
Q

Emission

A

Is the movement of sperm and secretions are a result of peristaltic contractions of associated smooth muscle

23
Q

Ejaculation

A

As the urethra fills with semen the skeletal muscles at the base of the penis rhythmically contract

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Secretes GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone causing

25
Q

LH (icsh)

A

Development of testicular interstitial cells (leydig) which secrete sex hormones (androgens)

26
Q

FSH

A

Stimulate supporting (sustentacular) cells of the seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone causing spermatogenesis

27
Q

Androgens

A

Primarily the testicles some from the adrenal cortex. Negative feedback to the hypothalamus.

28
Q

Purpose of the female repro system

A

Produce, maintain and transport female sex cells (ova/egg) produce sex hormones

29
Q

Ovaries

A

Held by suspensory ligament attached to uterus by ovarian ligament

30
Q

Oogenesis

A

Producing egg cells (oocytes)

31
Q

Zonal pellucida (clear zone)

A

Glycoprotein layer

32
Q

Graafian

A

Secondary follicles, release it’s contents on day 14 under the influence of LH the process is called ovulation

33
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell

34
Q

Uterine tubes (Fallopian/oviduct)

A

Transport egg from ovary to uterus.

35
Q

Uterus

A

Fist size organ. Dome topped fundus, upper body and lower cervix. Produces a mucus plug during pregnancy

36
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

37
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner layer, columnar epithelium, vascular tissues. Provides nourishment to the embryo-> baby

38
Q

Myometrium

A

Middle layer, smooth muscle. “Pops out the baby during labor”

39
Q

Perimetrium

A

Outer layer that covers the uterus

40
Q

Vagina

A

Female copulatory organ. Acidic pH to prevent pathogens

41
Q

Labia majora

A

Enclose and protect the rest of the vulva

42
Q

Labia minora

A

Vascular folds along the vestibule

43
Q

Clitoris

A

Small sensory projection in anterior vulva. Homologous to penis

44
Q

Vestibule

A

Opening to urethra and vagina

45
Q

FSH

A

Ovarian follicle maturation

46
Q

LH

A

Stimulates follicular cells to produce estrogens and progesterones

47
Q

Estrogens

A

At puberty triggers menarche, uterine changes during repro cycle.

48
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

0 (proliferative) –> day 14 (ovulation) –> day 28 (secrete and implant or secretory and menses (progesterone)

49
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Yellow body which no secretes progesterone and estrogens to inhibit FSH and LH. This prevents additional follicle formation and continued ovulation.

50
Q

If pregnant:

A

HCG increases and prevents menses

51
Q

If not pregnant:

A

Corpus luteum degeneration with decreased estrogen and progesterone resulting in menses and eventual elevation of FSH and LH

Bio 110 (12 decks)

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