9- Acid Base, Factors Causing Disease

Question 1

What does emia mean

Answer 1

A state of being and is determined by pH

Question 2

What does osis mean

Answer 2

Process

Possible to have multiple things occurring at the same time

Question 3

What does pH stand for

Answer 3

Potential (power of) Hydrogen Ions

Question 4

What happens as the number of H+ ions increase

Answer 4

pH number goes down = acidic

Question 5

What happens as the number of H+ ions decreases

Answer 5

pH number goes up = more alkaline

Question 6

What is the normal pH of the human body

Answer 6

7.35 to 7.45

Question 7

If the body is above 7.45, below 7.35, they are called

Answer 7

Above 7.45 = alkalemia

Below 7.35 = acidemia

Question 8

What cation does the body produce in shock

Answer 8

H+

Question 9

4 step (reversible) process the body balances pH

-Starting with increased H+ in shock

Answer 9

1. The body releases HCO3 (bicarb) to neutralize the increased H+
2. The bonding of HCO3 and H becomes H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
3. H2CO3 (carbonic acid) breaks down into H2O and CO2 and are released from the body during breathing and peeing

Question 10

What is the calculation to determine pH

Answer 10

pH = HCO3/pCO2

potential of hydrogen = Bicarb/CO2 partial pressure

Question 11

5 main points of Bicarbonate

Answer 11

• Principle buffer against H+
• Made by the kidneys
• Takes days to adjust levels
• Anything related to HCO3 is metabolic
• Can have met acid and met alk at the same time

Question 12

What are 2 ways to lose HCO3

Answer 12

1. Combine with a proton

2. Excess fluid loss

Question 13

4 key points of CO2

Answer 13

• It’s a waste product of cellular metabolization
• Levels can change fairly quickly
• Cannot have respiratory acidosis and alkalosis at the same time
• Any changes to CO2 levels is respiratory

Question 14

What are the 2 labs for acid base

Answer 14

• Chem 7

- ABG’s

Question 15

What is the layout for a chem 7

Answer 15

Na+ | Cl- | BUN
——————————————< Blood glucose
K+ | HCO3 | Creatinine

Question 16

What are the normal numbers on a chem 7 and why are those 4 numbers important

Answer 16

Na+ (140) | Cl- (104) | BUN
—————————————————-———< Blood glucose
K+ (4) | HCO3 (24) | Creatinine

• They are the primary electrolytes in the body

Question 17

What is the normal anion gap and how is it calculated

Answer 17

12!!!!

Na - (Cl + HCO3) = 12

Question 18

What does ABG obtain (4)

Answer 18

pH / pCO2 / pO2 / HCO3

Question 19

What are the normal numbers for an ABG

Answer 19

pH - 7.4

pCO2 - 40

pO2 - 90

HCO3 - 24

Question 20

What is the definition, cause and ABG effect of Respiratory ACIDOSIS

Answer 20

Definition - Decreased RR and/or volume (Hypoventilaton)

Causes - Airway obstruction (Athma, COPD, OD)

ABG’s - pH# goes down (acidic) , CO2 goes up

       - HCO3:
                      - Acute: Near normal
                      - Chronic: High

Question 21

What is the definition, cause and ABG effect of Respiratory ALKALOSIS

Answer 21

Definition - Increased RR/Volume (Hyperventilation)

Causes - Fever, pain, anxiety, PE, infection

ABG’s - pH# goes up (alkaline) , CO2 goes down

       - HCO3:
                      - Acute: Near normal
                      - Chronic: Low

Question 22

What is the definition, cause and ABG effect of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 22

Definition - Increased acid production

Causes - Shock, severe diarrhea, kidney disease

ABG’s - pH# goes down (acidic)

       - CO2 goes down
       - HCO3 goes down

Question 23

What is the definition, cause and ABG effect of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 23

Definition - Too much HCO3 in the blood

Causes - Vomiting, diuretics, hypovolemia

ABG’s - pH# goes up (alkaline)

       - CO2 goes up
       - HCO3 goes up