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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 3-Respiratory > Flashcards

3-Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the upper airway (3)

A

-Filter air
-Humidify air
-Warm air

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2
Q

Main structures of the upper airway (3)

A

-Nose
-Pharynx
-Larynx

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3
Q

Parts of the external nose (5)

A

-Root
-Bridge
-Apex
-Naris
-Septum

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4
Q

Role of the septum

A

Divide the nares

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5
Q

The entire airway is lined by?

A

Mucus

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6
Q

What are olfactory receptors

A

Nerve endings that give the sense of smell

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7
Q

Parts of the paranasal sinuses (4)

A

-Frontal
-Maxillary
-Sphenoidal
-Ethmoidal

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8
Q

Roles of the paranasal (2) and what is it

A

-Drain into nasal cavities
-Assist in production of mucus

-Hollow spaces, chamber for sound production

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9
Q

What is sinusitis

A

Nasal mucosa is inflamed

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10
Q

Pharynx length and divisions (3)

A

-About 5 inches

-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

General functions of the pharynx (2) and functions in upper (3) and lower airway (4)

A

-Transport oxygen to cells
-Transport CO2 away from cells

-Upper
-Filters, humidifies and warms air

-Lower
-Same as upper
-Removal of foreign particles

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12
Q

Nasopharynx meatuses/conchae (3) and their role

A

-Superior
-Middle
-Inferior

-Turbulate air to warm in

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13
Q

Role of Nasopharynx auditory(eustachian) tubes

A

Connect to middle ear

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14
Q

Role of the soft palate

A

Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

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15
Q

Parts of the oropharynx (7)

A

-Lips
-Hard palate
-Soft palate
-Uvula
-Vestibule
-Tonsil
-Tongue

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16
Q

Parts of the Larynx (6)

A

-Voice box
-Thyroid cartilage
-Vocal cords
-Glottis
-Epiglottis
-Valecula

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17
Q

What is the vallecula

A

Flap just posterior and inferior to the tongue that covers the trachea

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18
Q

What color are the vocal cords and edge of epiglottis

A

Whiteish

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19
Q

Parts of the lower airway

A

Everything below the Corina

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20
Q

What is the Corina

A

Where the trachea separates into left and right mainstem bronchus

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21
Q

What is another word for trachea and its length

A

-Wind pipe

-About 11cm long

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22
Q

What surrounds the outside of the trachea

A

-Hyaline cartilage (tracheal ring)

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23
Q

Function of the pleura

A

Lubrication between pleura when breathing

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of Pleura and describe them

A

-Parietal
-Attached to thorax
-Has nerves

-Visceral
-Attached to lung
-No nerves present

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25
Q

What is pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura and causes pain when pleural membranes rub

26
Q

What is the Hilum of the Lung

A

-Orifices on the medial aspect of the lung that the bronchus, arteries, nerves enter and veins and lymphatics exit

27
Q

Bronchi branch off to __________ then _________

A

-Bronchioles, Alveoli

28
Q

What are Alveoli lined with and what is the purpose (2)

A

-Surfactant

-Keeps alveoli from collapsing and eases expansion by decreasing surface tension

29
Q

Do alveoli become thicker or thinner as they expand? Why?

A

Thinner to ease the exchange of gasses

30
Q

What is Atelectasis?

A

-Alveolar collapse due to decreased surfactant

31
Q

What is PEEP and the normal range?

A

-Positive end expiratory pressure

  • 3cmH2O to 5cmH2O
32
Q

Less surfactant = higher or greater pressure needed for lung expansion? Ex of Less surfactant issues (2)

A

-Higher

-Pneumonia, CHF

33
Q

What is pink frothy sputum

A

Alveolar surfactant pushed out by other liquids such as blood

34
Q

What is respiratory mucosa and what is responsible for making it?

A

-Lines tubes of respiratory tree

-Made by Goblette cells

35
Q

What is the role of respiratory mucosa (4)

A

-Purify air
-Trap irritants
-Warms air
-Humidifies air

36
Q

What is diffusion

A

Gas movement from high concentration to low concentration

37
Q

What is outside respiration

A

The physiological act of breathing

38
Q

What is inside respiration

A

Oxygen movement into a cell and CO2 movement out of a cell

39
Q

Steps of a respiration (10)

A

-CO2 build up in blood
-Medulla detect excess CO2
-Diaphragm contracts
-Chest increases, pressure drops
-Inspiration begins
-Hering Breuer reflex stops inspiration
-Medulla sends signal to diaphragm
-Diaphragm relaxes
-Chest contract, pressure increases
-Expiration begins

40
Q

What is Hering Breuer reflex

A

The point of inspiration that stretches the vagus nerve to stop inspiration so the lungs don’t pop

41
Q

What is TV and the normal amount

A

-Tidal volume, air moved in and out at rest

-500cc (1/2 liter)

42
Q

What is IRV and normal amount

A

-Inspiratory reserve volume, air that can be inhaled deeply

-3000cc

43
Q

What is ERV and the normal amount

A

-Expiratory reserve volume, air that can be forcibly exhaled

-1200cc

44
Q

What is RV and the normal amount

A

-Residual volume, remaining air in the lungs after ERV

-1200cc

45
Q

What is MRV and its calculation

A

-Air inhaled or exhaled in one minute

-RR x TV

46
Q

What is Vital capacity

A

Total possible inspiratory and expiratory amounts

47
Q

What is compliance

A

How easily the lungs expand

48
Q

What is Resistance

A

How easily air flows through the system

49
Q

SHALLOW BREATHS MEANS!?

A

BAG THEM!!!

50
Q

What is FiO2 and how is it displayed

A

-Percentage of O2 in inspired air, O2 being delivered into the body

-Commonly in decimal form
(FiO2 of room air is 0.21)

51
Q

What is Normal arterial pressure and the O2, CO2 norms

A

-Amount of O2 and CO2 actually in the blood

-O2 80-100
-CO2 35-40

52
Q

What is oxygen concentration in the blood and formula

A

-How much oxygen is attached to hemoglobin

-O2 content/O2 capacity x 100%

53
Q

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Left vs Right and causes

A

-Moves to the left, holds on more
-Hypothermia
-Hypocarbia
-Alkalosis

-Moves to the right, lets go more easily
-Hyperthermia
-Hypercarbia
-Acidosis

54
Q

Factors affecting oxygen concentration in the blood

A

Ventilation(V)/Perfusion(Q) mismatch occurs when a portion of the alveoli collapses

55
Q

Causes of V/Q mismatch (Atelectasis) (4)

A

-Hypoventilation
-Pneumothorax
-Hemothorax
-Pulmonary embolism

56
Q

Causes of decreased CO2 levels (1)

A

Hyperventilation

57
Q

Causes of increased CO2 production (4)

A

-Fever
-Muscle exertion, shivering
-Metabolic process resulting in metabolic acids
-Decreased alveolar ventilation

58
Q

How to correct hypercarbia (3)

A

-Increase ventilation rate
-Increase ventilation volume
-Treat underlying cause

59
Q

How do the listed factors effect RR
-Fever
-Emotion
-Pain
-Hypoxia
-Acidosis
-Stimulants
-Depressants
-Sleep

A

-Fever-Increase
-Emotion-Increase
-Pain-Increase
-Hypoxia-Increase
-Acidosis-Increases
-Stimulants-Increase
-Depressants-Decrease
-Sleep-Decrease

60
Q

Lund sounds and explanation
-Stridor
-Wheezing
-Fine crackles
-Coarse crackles
-Pleural rub

A

-Stridor- Upper airway obstruction
-Wheezing- Lower airway obstruction
-Fine crackles- Alveolar collapse
-Coarse crackles- Fluid in the lungs
-Pleural rub- Visceral/Parietal pleura rubbing

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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