2-Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of a Neuron (5)

A
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Cell body
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
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2
Q

Axon in CNS vs PNS

A
  • CNS- Unmylinated grey matter, gross motor skills

- PNS- Myelinated white matter, fine motor skills

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3
Q

Schwann Cells

A
  • Axons in PNS
  • Myelinated
  • White matter
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4
Q

Neurolgial Cells

A
  • Axons in CNS
  • Unmyelinated
  • Grey matter
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5
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A
  • Allows impulse to jump from node to node

- Allows for more rapid conduction

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6
Q

Neurilemma

A

-Outer covering of Schwann Cells

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7
Q

Types of Neurons(3)

A
  • Sensory (Afferent)
  • Motor (Efferent)
  • Interneurons (Connecting)
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8
Q

Role of Sensory (Afferent) neurons

A

-Transmit impulses to CNS from all body parts

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9
Q

Role of Motor (Efferent) neurons

A
  • Transmit impulse away from CNS

- Toward only muscle and epithelial tissue

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10
Q

Role of Interneurons (Connecting)

A

-Conduct impulses from Sensory to Motor

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11
Q

Synapse includes:

A

End of Axon
-Pre-synaptic neuron

Beginning of Dendrite
-Post-synaptic neuron

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter

The 2 types and where they are located

A

Carries impulse across synapse gap

  • Norepinephrine (SNS)
  • Acetylcholine (PNS)
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13
Q

Reflex and its role

A

-Doesn’t wait for the brain

Roles:

  • Removal from pain
  • Maintain balance
  • Maintain BP, pH, CO2, H2O levels
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14
Q

Parts of the Brain (12)

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Corpus collosum
  • Thalmus
  • Hypothalmus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pons
  • Pineal gland
  • Cerebellum
  • Midbrain
  • Reticular formation
  • Medulla
  • Spinal cord
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15
Q

Role of Cerebrum

A

-Thought, personality, mood, memory, intelligence

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16
Q

Role of Cerebellum

A

-Spatial Coordination

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17
Q

Role of Brain Stem

A

-Autonomic function

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18
Q

Role of Spinal Cord

A
  • Transmission to and from the body

- Refelxes

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19
Q

Lobes of the Brain (4)

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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20
Q

Role of Frontal Lobe

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • Memory
  • Personality
  • Speech
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21
Q

Role of Temporal Lobe

A
  • Hearing

- Reading

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22
Q

Role of Parietal Lobe

A
  • Senses

- Language

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23
Q

Role of Occipital Lobe

A

-Vision

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24
Q

Limbic System contains (2)

A
  • Hippocampus

- Formix

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25
Basal Ganglia
- Group of nuclei around limbic system | - Produces neurotransmitters
26
Blood supply to the Brain: Anterior vs Posterior supply
Anterior -Right and Left Carotid arteries Posterior -Left and Right Vertebral arteries, combine to form basilar artery
27
Posterior Communicating Artery (Circle of Willis)
-Connects basilar and carotid arteries to perfume brain if one side fails
28
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure | -Formula and Normal Range
CPP=MAP-ICP -MAP=Mean arterial pressure “120/80->100” Normal is 50-60 mmHg
29
Meninges and Types (3)
-Layers of the brain - Dura Mater-Leather like outer layer - Arachnoid Mater-Middle layer - Pia Mater-Very thin layer on brain matter
30
3 parts of the Brain Stem
- Medulla - Pons - Midbrain
31
Role of the Medulla (5)
- Enhance impulse conductivity from brain stem to brain - Regulates: - Respiration’s - Cardiac function - Vasodilation - Certain reflexes
32
Role of the Pons (11)
- Relay signals from forebrain to cerebellum - Responsible for: - Sleep - Respiration - Swallowing - Bladder control - Hearing - Balance - Taste - Eye movement - Facial expressions and sensation - Posture
33
Role of the Midbrain
- Connects the brainstem to diencephalon - Responsible for: - Motor movement - Movement of the eye - Auditory and visual processing
34
12 Cranial Nerves in order
``` I- Olfactory II- Optic III- Oculomotor IV- Trochlear V- Trigeminal VI- Abducens VII- Facial VIII- Auricle (Vestibulocochlear) IX- Glossopharyngeal X- Vagus XI- Accessory XII- Hypoglossal ```
35
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory- Smells
36
Cranial Nerve II
Optic- Vision
37
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor- Muscle around eyes, pupil response
38
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear- Downward, inward, outward eye movement
39
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal- Facial sensation, jaw and ear movement
40
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens- Lateral/outward eye movement
41
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial- Facial expressions and taste for most of the tongue
42
Cranial Nerve VIII
Auricle(Vestibulocochlear)- Hearing and balance
43
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal- Back of mouth and rear taste and swallowing
44
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus- Sense from ear, throat, heart, intestines and root of tongue taste. Swallowing and upper digestion.
45
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory- Neck and shoulder movement
46
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal- Tongue movement
47
Define Olfaction
The sense of smell, more nerve in nose than tongue
48
Define Gustation
Sense of taste
49
4 Classes of taste
- Sour - Sweet - Bitter - Salty
50
Taste zones of the tongue
- Bitter- Rear - Sour- Sides - Salty- Tip and a little around - Sweet- Tip
51
What 3 cranial nerves form the taste buds
- Facial VII - Glossopharyngeal IX - Vagus X
52
4 accessory muscles of the eyes
- Eyelids - Eyebrows - Lacrimal apparatus - Extrinsic eye muscles
52
3 layers of the eye ball
- Fibrous tunic - Vascular tunic - Nervous tunic
53
Role of the Cornea (2)
- Structural barrier | - Focuses light into the eye
53
Role of the Iris
-Regulate the amount of light into the pupil
54
Role of the Pupil
-Focus light to the retina
55
Role of the Lens
-Fine tune light to the retina
56
Role of the Retina
-Convert light from the lens into neurological signals
57
Roles of the Vitreous Chamber (3)
- Contains Vitreous humor - Shapes eye ball - Holds retina against choroid
58
What is normal vision called
Emmetropic
59
What is nearsightedness call
Myopia- Thick lens
60
What is far sightedness called
Hypermetropia (Hyperopia)- Thin lense
61
3 divisions of the ear
- Outer - Tympanic cavity - Inner
62
External ear roles and parts
Role- Collect sound waves Parts- Auricle, external auditory cavity, tympanic membrane
63
Middle ear parts
- Auditory tube - Auditory ossicles - Oval window - Round window
64
Inner ear parts
- Outer bony labyrinth | - Inner membranous labyrinth
74
3 bones of the inner ear
- Incus - Maleous - Stapes