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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 2-Nervous System > Flashcards

2-Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of a Neuron (5)

A
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Cell body
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
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2
Q

Axon in CNS vs PNS

A
  • CNS- Unmylinated grey matter, gross motor skills

- PNS- Myelinated white matter, fine motor skills

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3
Q

Schwann Cells

A
  • Axons in PNS
  • Myelinated
  • White matter
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4
Q

Neurolgial Cells

A
  • Axons in CNS
  • Unmyelinated
  • Grey matter
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5
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A
  • Allows impulse to jump from node to node

- Allows for more rapid conduction

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6
Q

Neurilemma

A

-Outer covering of Schwann Cells

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7
Q

Types of Neurons(3)

A
  • Sensory (Afferent)
  • Motor (Efferent)
  • Interneurons (Connecting)
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8
Q

Role of Sensory (Afferent) neurons

A

-Transmit impulses to CNS from all body parts

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9
Q

Role of Motor (Efferent) neurons

A
  • Transmit impulse away from CNS

- Toward only muscle and epithelial tissue

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10
Q

Role of Interneurons (Connecting)

A

-Conduct impulses from Sensory to Motor

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11
Q

Synapse includes:

A

End of Axon
-Pre-synaptic neuron

Beginning of Dendrite
-Post-synaptic neuron

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter

The 2 types and where they are located

A

Carries impulse across synapse gap

  • Norepinephrine (SNS)
  • Acetylcholine (PNS)
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13
Q

Reflex and its role

A

-Doesn’t wait for the brain

Roles:

  • Removal from pain
  • Maintain balance
  • Maintain BP, pH, CO2, H2O levels
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14
Q

Parts of the Brain (12)

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Corpus collosum
  • Thalmus
  • Hypothalmus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pons
  • Pineal gland
  • Cerebellum
  • Midbrain
  • Reticular formation
  • Medulla
  • Spinal cord
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15
Q

Role of Cerebrum

A

-Thought, personality, mood, memory, intelligence

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16
Q

Role of Cerebellum

A

-Spatial Coordination

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17
Q

Role of Brain Stem

A

-Autonomic function

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18
Q

Role of Spinal Cord

A
  • Transmission to and from the body

- Refelxes

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19
Q

Lobes of the Brain (4)

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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20
Q

Role of Frontal Lobe

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • Memory
  • Personality
  • Speech
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21
Q

Role of Temporal Lobe

A
  • Hearing

- Reading

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22
Q

Role of Parietal Lobe

A
  • Senses

- Language

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23
Q

Role of Occipital Lobe

A

-Vision

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24
Q

Limbic System contains (2)

A
  • Hippocampus

- Formix

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25
Q

Basal Ganglia

A
  • Group of nuclei around limbic system

- Produces neurotransmitters

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26
Q

Blood supply to the Brain: Anterior vs Posterior supply

A

Anterior
-Right and Left Carotid arteries

Posterior
-Left and Right Vertebral arteries, combine to form basilar artery

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27
Q

Posterior Communicating Artery (Circle of Willis)

A

-Connects basilar and carotid arteries to perfume brain if one side fails

28
Q

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

-Formula and Normal Range

A

CPP=MAP-ICP
-MAP=Mean arterial pressure “120/80->100”

Normal is 50-60 mmHg

29
Q

Meninges and Types (3)

A

-Layers of the brain

  • Dura Mater-Leather like outer layer
  • Arachnoid Mater-Middle layer
  • Pia Mater-Very thin layer on brain matter
30
Q

3 parts of the Brain Stem

A
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Midbrain
31
Q

Role of the Medulla (5)

A
  • Enhance impulse conductivity from brain stem to brain
  • Regulates:
    • Respiration’s
    • Cardiac function
    • Vasodilation
    • Certain reflexes
32
Q

Role of the Pons (11)

A
  • Relay signals from forebrain to cerebellum
  • Responsible for:
    • Sleep
    • Respiration
    • Swallowing
    • Bladder control
    • Hearing
    • Balance
    • Taste
    • Eye movement
    • Facial expressions and sensation
    • Posture
33
Q

Role of the Midbrain

A
  • Connects the brainstem to diencephalon
  • Responsible for:
    • Motor movement
    • Movement of the eye
    • Auditory and visual processing
34
Q

12 Cranial Nerves in order

A 
I- Olfactory
II- Optic
III- Oculomotor
IV- Trochlear
V- Trigeminal
VI- Abducens
VII- Facial
VIII- Auricle (Vestibulocochlear)
IX- Glossopharyngeal
X- Vagus
XI- Accessory
XII- Hypoglossal
35
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory- Smells

36
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic- Vision

37
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor- Muscle around eyes, pupil response

38
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear- Downward, inward, outward eye movement

39
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal- Facial sensation, jaw and ear movement

40
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens- Lateral/outward eye movement

41
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial- Facial expressions and taste for most of the tongue

42
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Auricle(Vestibulocochlear)- Hearing and balance

43
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal- Back of mouth and rear taste and swallowing

44
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus- Sense from ear, throat, heart, intestines and root of tongue taste. Swallowing and upper digestion.

45
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory- Neck and shoulder movement

46
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal- Tongue movement

47
Q

Define Olfaction

A

The sense of smell, more nerve in nose than tongue

48
Q

Define Gustation

A

Sense of taste

49
Q

4 Classes of taste

A
  • Sour
  • Sweet
  • Bitter
  • Salty
50
Q

Taste zones of the tongue

A
  • Bitter- Rear
  • Sour- Sides
  • Salty- Tip and a little around
  • Sweet- Tip
51
Q

What 3 cranial nerves form the taste buds

A
  • Facial VII
  • Glossopharyngeal IX
  • Vagus X
52
Q

4 accessory muscles of the eyes

A
  • Eyelids
  • Eyebrows
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
52
Q

3 layers of the eye ball

A
  • Fibrous tunic
  • Vascular tunic
  • Nervous tunic
53
Q

Role of the Cornea (2)

A
  • Structural barrier

- Focuses light into the eye

53
Q

Role of the Iris

A

-Regulate the amount of light into the pupil

54
Q

Role of the Pupil

A

-Focus light to the retina

55
Q

Role of the Lens

A

-Fine tune light to the retina

56
Q

Role of the Retina

A

-Convert light from the lens into neurological signals

57
Q

Roles of the Vitreous Chamber (3)

A
  • Contains Vitreous humor
  • Shapes eye ball
  • Holds retina against choroid
58
Q

What is normal vision called

A

Emmetropic

59
Q

What is nearsightedness call

A

Myopia- Thick lens

60
Q

What is far sightedness called

A

Hypermetropia (Hyperopia)- Thin lense

61
Q

3 divisions of the ear

A
  • Outer
  • Tympanic cavity
  • Inner
62
Q

External ear roles and parts

A

Role- Collect sound waves

Parts- Auricle, external auditory cavity, tympanic membrane

63
Q

Middle ear parts

A
  • Auditory tube
  • Auditory ossicles
  • Oval window
  • Round window
64
Q

Inner ear parts

A
  • Outer bony labyrinth

- Inner membranous labyrinth

74
Q

3 bones of the inner ear

A
  • Incus
  • Maleous
  • Stapes

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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