Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 10- Shock > Flashcards

10- Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PNS do to the circulatory system and “with what”

A
  • Slow rate

- Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the SNS do to the circulatory system and “with what”

A
  • Increase rate

- Cardiac plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from the heart in a single beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is preload

A

Amount of ventricle stretch as blood enters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ventricular filling

A

Amount of blood that enters a ventricle before contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the frank-starling mechanism

A

Rubber band effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is after load

A

The force the heart must contract to send blood out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output

A

Stroke volume x Heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the fick principle

A

Perfect O2 take in and off load to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe shock in 1 word

A

Hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hypoperfusion and 5 possible problems that cause it

A

-Inadequate tissue perfusion

1 Pump problem
2 Volume problem
3 Container problem
4 Obstruction problem
5 Respiratory problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 stages of shock

A

1 Compensated
2 Decompensated
3 Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 5 signs of compensated shock

A
  • Pulse rate increase
  • Pulse strength decrease
  • Skin may become cool and clammy
  • Progressive anxiety, restlessness, combativeness
  • Thirst, weakness, eventual air hunger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 signs of decompensated shock

A
  • Pulses become unpalpable
  • Blood pressure drops precipitously
  • Patient become unconscious
  • Respiration’s slow or cease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is irreversible shock

A

Irreversible damage, cells die, tissues dysfunction and the patient dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the BP in compensated vs decompensated shock

A

Comp - Maintains

Decomp - Drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the formula for BP

A

BP = Cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance PVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does PVR determine

A

After load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

Difference between the systolic and diastolic

20
Q

Ex. Which does each BP possibly indicate

70/40

70/60

70/30

A

70/40 - Normal BP, need fluid

70/60 - Pump problem (weak heart)

70/30 - Container problem (vasodilated, fluid problem)

21
Q

What are the 5 compensatory mechanisms in order

A
  1. Baroreceptors
  2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
  3. Chemoreceptors
  4. ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
  5. Fluid return
22
Q

Where are Baroreceptors located and their effect on SNS (3) and PNS (2)

A

Location - Atria, vena cava, aortic arch (Most), carotid sinus

SNS effect

  • Stimulates arenalglands
  • Secrete Epi and norepi
  • Aalpha and beta effects

PNS

  • Stops signal to vagus nerve
  • Increase HR and vasoconstriction
23
Q

What are the 5 steps of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone compensatory mechanism

A
  1. BP drops
  2. Renin is released from the kidneys
  3. Renin + blood (plasma) = Angiotensin 1

4, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
-Angiotensin 2 vasoconstricts

  1. Aldosterone is released by adrenal cortex
    - Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb sodium to decrease ursine output and maintain fluids
24
Q

What is the role of chemoreceptors and what is the bodies response to acidosis

A

Monitor pH and in turn signal to breath more or less

In acidosis the rate and depth of respiration’s increase to blow off CO2

25
Q

What is the role of ADH and what part of the body secretes it

Also what else is secreted by that part of the body and its role

A

Released by anterior pituitary gland to decrease the production of urine

The anterior pituitary also releases vasopressin a vasoconstrictor

26
Q

What is the role of fluid return and what is the action called

A

It’s the constriction of the spleen to release 200 - 300 mL of stored blood into circulation

This is the splenic squeeze

27
Q

Arteries, capillaries and veins contain what percentage of blood volume

A

Arteries - 13%

Capillaries - 7%

Veins - 64%

28
Q

At the capillary level how does blood get from an artery to a vein

A
  1. Artery
  2. Precapillary sphincter
  3. Capillary
  4. Postcapillary sphincter
  5. Vein

OR from artery directly to vein through AV shunt

29
Q

Capillary sphincters during normalcy

A

Pre - Open
Post - Open
AV shuts - Closed

30
Q

Capillary sphincters during compensated shock

A

Pre - Closed (no new blood in capillaries)
Post - Open
AV shunt- Blood goes through

Since no new blood comes in surrounding tissues release their fluid for the body

31
Q

Capillary sphincters during late compensated shock

A

Pre - closed
Post - closed

Surrounding tissues stop fluid release so they can survive

32
Q

Capillary sphincters during early decompensated shock

A

Pre - open
Post - closed

Tissues that gave fluid now need more, Lactic acid builds up

33
Q

Capillary sphincters during irreversible shock

A

Pre - open
Post - open

Since the body NEEDS all the fluid it can get everything opens and the lactic acid that built up in the capillaries is released with new blood

34
Q

What are the 4 types of shock

A
  • Hypovolemic
  • Distributive
  • Cardiogenic
  • Obstructive
35
Q

What is hypovolemic shock, the causes, s/s and treatment

A
  • Loss of blood volume
  • Causes - Trauma, burns, dehydration
  • S/S - Classic shock (cool, pale, clammy)
  • Treatment - Stop fluid loss, give fluid to stabilize vitals
36
Q

What is distributive shock and the 3 types

A

Prevents appropriate distribution of nutrients and the removal of waste, vasodilation occurs and overrides vasoconstriction

3 types

  • Anaphylactic
  • Septic
  • Neurogenic
37
Q

What is anaphylactic shock, causes, s/s and treatment

A
  • Container and respiratory problem due to an overrelease of histamine
  • Causes - Allergic reaction
  • S/S - Hives (wheal on skin), SOB, Rapid drop in BP
  • Treatment - Epi, Benadryl

Again, vasodilation over rides vasoconstriction

38
Q

What is septic shock, causes, s/s and treatment

A

Massive infection throughout the body resulting in a container and fluid problem, vessels are damaged

  • Causes - Infection
  • S/S - Hot, dry, flushed skin, petechia (purple) rash
  • Treatment - Fluids and antibiotics
39
Q

What is neurogenic shock, causes, s/s and treatment

A

Container problem due to vasodilation from a cervical injury preventing messages to be send from body to brain resulting in wide spread vasodilation

  • Causes - Head/neck injury
  • S/S - Skin normal, rapid drop in BP, loss of body temp control
  • Treatment - Fluid and steroids
40
Q

What is cardiogenic shock, causes, s/s and treatment

A

Pump failure

  • Causes - MI, tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE
  • S/S - Classic shock, only with CP
  • Treatment - Dobutamine, dopamine

HELP THE PUMP!!!

41
Q

What is MODS and the definition

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Altered organ function in acutely ill patients such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention and usually involves 2 or more organ systems

42
Q

What constitutes as mods

A

Two or more organ systems from and injury or infection (sepsis)

43
Q

What is primary MODS

A

From the primary disorder which triggers the response

44
Q

What is secondary MODS

A

Concurrent failure of two or more organs or organ systems that were initially unharmed by the acute disorder

45
Q

What occurs during MODS

A

Immune, inflammatory and coagulation response is a decrease in blood flow to organs and organ systems

The body attempts to compensate by accelerating tissue metabolism

Results in imbalance in oxygen supply and demand

46
Q

What is the tissue result of hypoxia from MODS (6)

A
  • Hypoperfusion
  • Exhaustion of ATP
  • Metabolic failure
  • Lysosome breakdown
  • Anaerobic metabolism and acidosis
  • Impaired cellular function

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions