8-Nutrition/Metabolism/Body Temp/Homeostasis Flashcards
Define Metabolism
How fuel is burned in the body
Define Basal metabolic rate
How fast fuel is burned in the body
How is fuel for the body obtained (2)
- Breathing (O2)
- Eating (Glucose)
What is the name of the amount of energy from nutrients
Kilocalorie
How many calories come from 1 gram of carbs, protein and fat
- Carbs= 4
- Protein= 4
- Fat= 9
What happens to excess nutrients in the body (2)
- Stored
- Excreted
What does the body do if reserves are not available for energy
-Body structures will be metabolized
What is catabolism
Breaking down carbs to make energy
What is a result of catabolism
Energy
Explain the difference between macro/micro nutrients
- Macro- Breakdown of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins
- Micro- Minerals/Electrolytes, vitamins that pull energy from macronutrients
What is the importance of carbohydrates (4)
- Most important source of energy
- Body turns it into glucose
- Glucose then produces energy
- Excess glucose is stored in liver and muscles
What is the importance of Lipids (fats) (5)
- Provide energy to control inflammation, clotting and brain development
- Provides storage for extra calories
- Fills adipose tissue for insulation
- Maintains skin and hair
- Absorbs vitamins
What do saturated fats cause
-High LDL (BAD cholesterol)
What do unsaturated fats do
-Decrease LDL (BAD cholesterol)
What do trans fatty acids do(2)
-Increase LDL Decrease HDL (GOOD cholesterol)
Function of protein and the basic structure
- Repair and maintain the body
- Basic structure is a chain of amino acids
How do proteins work (3)
- Proteins are digested
- Amino acids are left over
- Large amounts of amino acids break down food
What is anabolism
-Building larger molecules from smaller materials and requires energy
How is energy used for anabolism (Aminos, carbs, fats)
- Amino acids -> Make muscle
- Carbs -> Make glucose
- Fats -> Make adipose tissue
3 main types of amino acids
- Essential
- Nonessential
- Conditional
What’s important about essential amino acids (3)
- Can’t be made by the body
- Must come from food
- Dont need to all come from 1 meal
What is important about nonessential amino acids
They are made by the body
What is important about conditional amino acids
Essential in times of illness and stress
What are the functions of mineral/electrolytes (3)
- Build bones
- Make hormones
- Regulate heartbeat
What are the 2 types of minerals and the quantity needed
- Macrominerals- Large amounts
- Trace minerals- Smaller amounts
Name 4 of the 7 macrominerals
- Calcium
- Phosphorous
- Magnesium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Sulfur
Name 5 of the 8 trace minerals
- Iron
- Manganese
- Copper
- Iodine
- Zinc
- Cobalt
- Fluoride
- Selenium
What is the role of vitamins and the most important one
- Help the body grow and develop
- Thiamine (B-1)
What is the importance of Thiamine (B-1) (2)
- Convert carbs to energy
- Assist heart, muscles and nervous system
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
If D50 is given to fast it can cause dysrhythmias, seizures or death
What is another name of the TCA cycle
Kreisler cycle
What is the role of ATP and its importance
- Energy released from a catabolic reaction is stored in an ATP molecule
- The stored energy is used to create anabolic reations
What are ATP and ADP
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Adenosine Diphosphate
