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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 8-Nutrition/Metabolism/Body Temp/Homeostasis > Flashcards

8-Nutrition/Metabolism/Body Temp/Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Metabolism

A

How fuel is burned in the body

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2
Q

Define Basal metabolic rate

A

How fast fuel is burned in the body

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3
Q

How is fuel for the body obtained (2)

A
  • Breathing (O2)

- Eating (Glucose)

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4
Q

What is the name of the amount of energy from nutrients

A

Kilocalorie

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5
Q

How many calories come from 1 gram of carbs, protein and fat

A
  • Carbs= 4
  • Protein= 4
  • Fat= 9
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6
Q

What happens to excess nutrients in the body (2)

A
  • Stored

- Excreted

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7
Q

What does the body do if reserves are not available for energy

A

-Body structures will be metabolized

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8
Q

What is catabolism

A

Breaking down carbs to make energy

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9
Q

What is a result of catabolism

A

Energy

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10
Q

Explain the difference between macro/micro nutrients

A
  • Macro- Breakdown of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins

- Micro- Minerals/Electrolytes, vitamins that pull energy from macronutrients

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11
Q

What is the importance of carbohydrates (4)

A
  • Most important source of energy
  • Body turns it into glucose
  • Glucose then produces energy
  • Excess glucose is stored in liver and muscles
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12
Q

What is the importance of Lipids (fats) (5)

A
  • Provide energy to control inflammation, clotting and brain development
  • Provides storage for extra calories
  • Fills adipose tissue for insulation
  • Maintains skin and hair
  • Absorbs vitamins
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13
Q

What do saturated fats cause

A

-High LDL (BAD cholesterol)

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14
Q

What do unsaturated fats do

A

-Decrease LDL (BAD cholesterol)

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15
Q

What do trans fatty acids do(2)

A 
-Increase LDL
Decrease HDL (GOOD cholesterol)
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16
Q

Function of protein and the basic structure

A
  • Repair and maintain the body

- Basic structure is a chain of amino acids

17
Q

How do proteins work (3)

A
  • Proteins are digested
  • Amino acids are left over
  • Large amounts of amino acids break down food
18
Q

What is anabolism

A

-Building larger molecules from smaller materials and requires energy

19
Q

How is energy used for anabolism (Aminos, carbs, fats)

A
  • Amino acids -> Make muscle
  • Carbs -> Make glucose
  • Fats -> Make adipose tissue
20
Q

3 main types of amino acids

A
  • Essential
  • Nonessential
  • Conditional
21
Q

What’s important about essential amino acids (3)

A
  • Can’t be made by the body
  • Must come from food
  • Dont need to all come from 1 meal
22
Q

What is important about nonessential amino acids

A

They are made by the body

23
Q

What is important about conditional amino acids

A

Essential in times of illness and stress

24
Q

What are the functions of mineral/electrolytes (3)

A
  • Build bones
  • Make hormones
  • Regulate heartbeat
25
Q

What are the 2 types of minerals and the quantity needed

A
  • Macrominerals- Large amounts

- Trace minerals- Smaller amounts

26
Q

Name 4 of the 7 macrominerals

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorous
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
  • Sulfur
27
Q

Name 5 of the 8 trace minerals

A
  • Iron
  • Manganese
  • Copper
  • Iodine
  • Zinc
  • Cobalt
  • Fluoride
  • Selenium
28
Q

What is the role of vitamins and the most important one

A
  • Help the body grow and develop

- Thiamine (B-1)

29
Q

What is the importance of Thiamine (B-1) (2)

A
  • Convert carbs to energy

- Assist heart, muscles and nervous system

30
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

If D50 is given to fast it can cause dysrhythmias, seizures or death

31
Q

What is another name of the TCA cycle

A

Kreisler cycle

32
Q

What is the role of ATP and its importance

A
  • Energy released from a catabolic reaction is stored in an ATP molecule
  • The stored energy is used to create anabolic reations
33
Q

What are ATP and ADP

A
  • Adenosine Triphosphate

- Adenosine Diphosphate

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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