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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 4-Renal and Reproductive > Flashcards

4-Renal and Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the Kidneys (2)

A
  • Excrete waste and excessive fluid

- Create hormones to help produce RBC, promote bone health, regulate blood pressure

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2
Q

2 main layers of the Kidneys

A
  • Renal cortex- Outer layer

- Renal medulla- Middle of kidney

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3
Q

What is the Nephron

A

Functional unit and runs from medulla to cortex

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4
Q

How blood gets to the nephron

A

-Afferent arteriole to glomerulus to Efferent arteriole

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5
Q

Potocyte cells function

A

Filter things from glomerulus into Bowmans capsule

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6
Q

Parts of the nephron (5)

A
  • Bowmans capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
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7
Q

Role of the Bowmans capsule

A

Grab filtrates from the glomerulus

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8
Q

Role of the Proximal convoluted tubule (2)

A
  • Reabsorbs some of the filtrate

- Lined with cells that pump things back into capillaries

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9
Q

Role of the Loop of Henle (Descending and Ascending)

A
  • Descending- Permeable to water which leaves to be absorbed by renal medulla
  • Ascending- Pumps out salts to the medulla for it to absorb water
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10
Q

Role of the Distal convoluted tubule

A

Returns near the Bowmans capsule to release more things and water to the body

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11
Q

Role of the Collecting duct (2)

A
  • Collects the by products of the nephrons

- Goes through the medulla so antidiuretic hormones can remove/save more water

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12
Q

What is GARH and where does it come from

A
  • Gonadrupin Releasing Hormone

- Comes from hypothalamus

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13
Q

What does GARH effect and cause a release of

A
  • Anterior pituitary gland

- LH and FSH

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14
Q

What does LH stand for

A

Luitenising hormone

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15
Q

What does FSH stand for

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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16
Q

Where do FSH and LH go and how

A

To the ovaries through capillaries

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17
Q

What are the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle

A
  • Follicular phase (days 0-14)

- Luteal phase (days 15-28)

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18
Q

What does FSH do

A

Stimulates ovary follicles

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19
Q

As a result of FSH what happens to follicles

A

Some become primary follicles then some of those develop into secondary follicles

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20
Q

What hormone is produced by follicles as they mature

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

How does estrogen effect the menstrual cycle

A

1st 10 days- Inhibits secretion of LH, decrease secretion of FSH

2nd 10 days- Stimulates release of LH

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22
Q

What happens as a result from the spike in LH

A

Ovulation of the most mature follicle

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23
Q

What occurs after ovulation (3)

A
  • LH drops
  • GARH slowly drops
  • FSH has small spike then decline
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24
Q

What do the rest of the “non-ovulated” follicles become

A

Corpus Luteum

25
Q

What 3 hormones does the corpus luteum create

A
  • Estrogen
  • Inhibin
  • Progesterone
26
Q

At 21 days what 2 hormones increase

A
  • Inhibin

- Progesterone

27
Q

Role of Inhibin

A

Inhibit secretion of FSH

28
Q

Role of Progesterone (2)

A
  • Negative effect on hypothalamus, slowing GARH release, therefore slowing FSH and LH release
  • Stimulates endometrial growth
29
Q

What happens as the corpus luteum degenerates (2)

A
  • Allows more follicles to mature

- Levels of its hormones fall to normal

30
Q

What is the final part of the menstrual cycle

A

Endometrium sheds

31
Q

External female structures (2)

A
  • Vulva

- Breasts

32
Q

Female internal organs (8)

A
  • Ovaries
  • Egg
  • Gonads
  • Uterine tubes (Fallopian)
  • Fimbriae
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vaginal Canal
33
Q

Role of the ovaries

A

Produce eggs and hormones

34
Q

What is an egg

A

Female gamete

35
Q

Role of the gonads (ovaries)

A

Structures that construct gametes

36
Q

Role of fimbriae

A

Finger like projections on the end of the uterine tubes, pick up egg from ovaries and sweep it into the uterine tube

37
Q

Role of the uterus (2)

A
  • Thick muscular wall to help push the baby out during labor

- Sheds internal lining after at the end of menstrual cycle

38
Q

Role of the cervix

A

Opening from vaginal canal to uterus

39
Q

What is the vaginal canal

A

The space inside of the vagina

40
Q

External reproductive organs (10)

A
  • Vulva
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Hymen
  • Urethral opening
  • Vaginal opening
  • Clitoris
  • Prepus
  • Vestibule
  • Bulb of vestibule
41
Q

What is the vuvla

A

Includes vaginal opening

42
Q

What is the Labia majora

A

Soft flesh part with minor protective role

43
Q

What is the hymen

A

Initial protection over the vagina (ie-uncircumcised dick)

44
Q

What is the clitoris

A

No idea…..

JK

-A point of arousal stimulation on females and can initiate secondary arousal

45
Q

What is the prepus

A

Little skin over clitoris

46
Q

What is the vestibule

A

Space around urethral and vaginal openings

47
Q

What is the bulb of vestibule

A
  • Part of the clitoris complex
  • Wraps around vaginal opening
  • Fills with blood when aroused, expands vulva outward, puts pressure on the vaginal wall
48
Q

Male reproductive parts (7)

A
  • Testes
  • Scrotum
  • Epididymus
  • Spermatic cord
  • Accessory glands
  • Urethra
49
Q

What are the testes (2)

A
  • Control process of spermatogenisis (creation of sperm)

- Create testosterone

50
Q

Role of the scrotum and the 2 muscles that control it

A

-Sack for testes that moves proximal or distal to the body to control the temp of the testes

  1. Cremaster
  2. Dartos
51
Q

What is the epididymus

A

-Space on top of the testes for sperm to mature

Sperm gain more mitochondria and flagella

52
Q

What is the vas deferens

A

Sperm drains out from epididymus to urethra

53
Q

What is the spermatic cord

A

A bundles that the vas deferens, testicular arteries and testicular veins run through. One on each teste

54
Q

Accessory glands and the 3 kinds

A

Provide sperm with necessary items to fertilize an egg

55
Q

Role of the seminal vesicles

A

Give sperm fluid that makes up 60% of semen volume

56
Q

Role of the prostate

A

Makes prostate fluid for semen that increases mobility of the sperm in the vagina

57
Q

Role of the bulbourethral

A

Make lubricant for the urethra and vagina

58
Q

Role of the urethra

A

Delivers sperm to the outside of the penis

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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