4-Renal and Reproductive Flashcards
What is the role of the Kidneys (2)
- Excrete waste and excessive fluid
- Create hormones to help produce RBC, promote bone health, regulate blood pressure
2 main layers of the Kidneys
- Renal cortex- Outer layer
- Renal medulla- Middle of kidney
What is the Nephron
Functional unit and runs from medulla to cortex
How blood gets to the nephron
-Afferent arteriole to glomerulus to Efferent arteriole
Potocyte cells function
Filter things from glomerulus into Bowmans capsule
Parts of the nephron (5)
- Bowmans capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
Role of the Bowmans capsule
Grab filtrates from the glomerulus
Role of the Proximal convoluted tubule (2)
- Reabsorbs some of the filtrate
- Lined with cells that pump things back into capillaries
Role of the Loop of Henle (Descending and Ascending)
- Descending- Permeable to water which leaves to be absorbed by renal medulla
- Ascending- Pumps out salts to the medulla for it to absorb water
Role of the Distal convoluted tubule
Returns near the Bowmans capsule to release more things and water to the body
Role of the Collecting duct (2)
- Collects the by products of the nephrons
- Goes through the medulla so antidiuretic hormones can remove/save more water
What is GARH and where does it come from
- Gonadrupin Releasing Hormone
- Comes from hypothalamus
What does GARH effect and cause a release of
- Anterior pituitary gland
- LH and FSH
What does LH stand for
Luitenising hormone
What does FSH stand for
Follicle stimulating hormone
Where do FSH and LH go and how
To the ovaries through capillaries
What are the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle
- Follicular phase (days 0-14)
- Luteal phase (days 15-28)
What does FSH do
Stimulates ovary follicles
As a result of FSH what happens to follicles
Some become primary follicles then some of those develop into secondary follicles
What hormone is produced by follicles as they mature
Estrogen
How does estrogen effect the menstrual cycle
1st 10 days- Inhibits secretion of LH, decrease secretion of FSH
2nd 10 days- Stimulates release of LH
What happens as a result from the spike in LH
Ovulation of the most mature follicle
What occurs after ovulation (3)
- LH drops
- GARH slowly drops
- FSH has small spike then decline
What do the rest of the “non-ovulated” follicles become
Corpus Luteum
What 3 hormones does the corpus luteum create
- Estrogen
- Inhibin
- Progesterone
At 21 days what 2 hormones increase
- Inhibin
- Progesterone
Role of Inhibin
Inhibit secretion of FSH
Role of Progesterone (2)
- Negative effect on hypothalamus, slowing GARH release, therefore slowing FSH and LH release
- Stimulates endometrial growth
What happens as the corpus luteum degenerates (2)
- Allows more follicles to mature
- Levels of its hormones fall to normal
What is the final part of the menstrual cycle
Endometrium sheds
External female structures (2)
- Vulva
- Breasts
Female internal organs (8)
- Ovaries
- Egg
- Gonads
- Uterine tubes (Fallopian)
- Fimbriae
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vaginal Canal
Role of the ovaries
Produce eggs and hormones
What is an egg
Female gamete
Role of the gonads (ovaries)
Structures that construct gametes
Role of fimbriae
Finger like projections on the end of the uterine tubes, pick up egg from ovaries and sweep it into the uterine tube
Role of the uterus (2)
- Thick muscular wall to help push the baby out during labor
- Sheds internal lining after at the end of menstrual cycle
Role of the cervix
Opening from vaginal canal to uterus
What is the vaginal canal
The space inside of the vagina
External reproductive organs (10)
- Vulva
- Labia majora
- Labia minora
- Hymen
- Urethral opening
- Vaginal opening
- Clitoris
- Prepus
- Vestibule
- Bulb of vestibule
What is the vuvla
Includes vaginal opening
What is the Labia majora
Soft flesh part with minor protective role
What is the hymen
Initial protection over the vagina (ie-uncircumcised dick)
What is the clitoris
No idea…..
JK
-A point of arousal stimulation on females and can initiate secondary arousal
What is the prepus
Little skin over clitoris
What is the vestibule
Space around urethral and vaginal openings
What is the bulb of vestibule
- Part of the clitoris complex
- Wraps around vaginal opening
- Fills with blood when aroused, expands vulva outward, puts pressure on the vaginal wall
Male reproductive parts (7)
- Testes
- Scrotum
- Epididymus
- Spermatic cord
- Accessory glands
- Urethra
What are the testes (2)
- Control process of spermatogenisis (creation of sperm)
- Create testosterone
Role of the scrotum and the 2 muscles that control it
-Sack for testes that moves proximal or distal to the body to control the temp of the testes
- Cremaster
- Dartos
What is the epididymus
-Space on top of the testes for sperm to mature
Sperm gain more mitochondria and flagella
What is the vas deferens
Sperm drains out from epididymus to urethra
What is the spermatic cord
A bundles that the vas deferens, testicular arteries and testicular veins run through. One on each teste
Accessory glands and the 3 kinds
Provide sperm with necessary items to fertilize an egg
Role of the seminal vesicles
Give sperm fluid that makes up 60% of semen volume
Role of the prostate
Makes prostate fluid for semen that increases mobility of the sperm in the vagina
Role of the bulbourethral
Make lubricant for the urethra and vagina
Role of the urethra
Delivers sperm to the outside of the penis
