1-Intro/Cells/Organization Flashcards
Sagittal (Lateral) Plane
Divides left and right of the body
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Divides the front and back of the body
Transverse (Axial) Plane
Divides the top and bottom of the body at the naval
Apex
The point of an organ
RUQ contains
- Liver
- Gall Bladder
LUQ contains
- Stomach
- Spleen
RLQ contains
-Appendix
LLQ contains
-Intestines
Retroperitoneal Organs
- Pancreas (RUQ, LUQ)
- Urinary Bladder (RLQ, LLQ)
- Kidneys (Above umbilicus)
Shapes of Cells (4)
- Flat
- Brick
- Thread-like
- Irregular
Main parts of a cell (3)
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Role of Plasma Membrane and the name of the 2 layers
-Gateway of the cell
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol
Role of the Nucleus (3)
- Contains genetic code
- Control center
- Determines structure and function of the cell
Parts of the Nucleus (4)
- Nuclear envelope
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin granules
Cytoplasm of a cell (2)
- Mostly fluid
- Contains organelles
Role of the Ribosomes
- Make enzymes and protein
- Attach to endoplasmic reticulum
Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and the 2 types
-Tubes that carry protein
- Rough-Ribosomes are attached
- Smooth-Full of protein already
Role of the Golgi Apparatus
Process and package chemicals in the cell
Role of the Mitochondria, what comes in, what goes out
- Power plant of the cell
- Oxygen and glucose in
- ATP and CO2 out
Role of Lysosomes
-Suicide bags that contain enzymes and destroy microbes
Diffusion and the 2 types
-Movement of solutes to balance amount, no energy needed
- Osmosis- Diffusion of water
- Dialysis- Diffusion of solutes
Filtration
-Hydrostatic pressure forces movement
Urine formation
Facilitated Diffusion
-Carrier molecule moves stuff in and out of the cell
Insulin
Phagocytosis
-Process of a cell destroying or “eating” bacteria to remove it from the body
Pinocytosis
-Absorbs a substance into cell to remove it from the body
Role of Cilia
-Small hair-like structure that allows for cell movement
Role of Flagella
-Single projection that allows for cell movement
Sperm tail
Ion Pump (Electrolyte)
-Use energy from ATP to move particles, some transport glucose or amino acids
Cations
-Positively charged ion
Anions
-Negatively charged ion
Cell Hyperplasia
-Increase in reproduction
Anaplasia
-Abnormal cell production
Tumor
-Uncontrolled cell reproduction
Aerobic vs Anaerobic Metabolism
- Anaerobic- Stage one- Glucose and no oxygen in, little energy and lactic acid out
- Aerobic- Stage two- Glucose and oxygen in, ATP and CO2 out
Types of Tissue (4)
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Connective Tissue (3 things)
- Most abundant in the body
- Holds organs together
- Supports framework of the body
Role of Bone (3)
- Forms osteons
- Stores calcium
- Provides protection
Role of Cartilage
-Cushions bones
Connective Tissue Matrix
-Middle of the cell
Role of Blood
-Transport nutrients
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
- Voluntary movement
- Attaches to bone
Cardiac Muscle
- Involuntary movement
- Automaticity
Smooth Muscle (Visceral)
- Involuntary movement
- Only 1 nucleus per fiber
- Forms inside walls of organs and vessels
Nervous Tissue and Types (2)
- Communication
- Controls functions of the body
- Types
1. Neurons
2. Glia
Neurons and Axon vs Dendrite
Cell body
Axon-Carries impulse away from the cell
Dendrite- Carries impulse toward the cell
Types of Cellular Fluid (2)
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
Intracellular Fluid
-Makes up about 40% of total body weight
Extracellular Fluid and the 2 types
- Makes up about 20% of total body weight
1. Intravascular-Plasma about 30% of ECF
2. Interstitial-Between cells and vascular bed, 15-16% of total body weight
Most abundant Intracellular anion
-Potassium (K)
Most abundant Extracellular Cation
-Sodium (Na)
Role of a Ca Channel Blocker
Na Channel Blocker
K Channel Blocker
CaCB- Lower HR
NaCB- Lower HR
KCB- Increase HR
Isotonic Fluid
-Same toxicity as body
Hypotonic Solution
- Lower toxicity than body
- For dehydration
- ISF and Cells get more fluid right away
- 1/2 NS, D5W
Hypertonic Solution
- Higher toxicity than in the body
- Sucks fluid out and into the vein
- Used to give nutrients
- D10 and up
Sodium Potassium Pump
- Moves Na out and K in
- Nerve impulse rushes Na in then back out
Role of Calcium for cells
- Contractility
- Comes in through slow channels
Role of Magnesium in the cell
-Several biochemical processes
Role of Chloride
- Major role in fluid balance and renal function
- (-)charge balances the (+)charge of cations
- Associated with Na
Role of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Principle buffer of the body
- Neutralizes Hydrogen ion and other organic acids
Role of Phosphate (HPO4-)
- Important in energy stores
- Associated with magnesium in renal function
- Buffer for Intracellular space
Solute vs Solvent
- Solute-Stuff (Electrolytes, Sugar)
- Solvent-Fluid
Crystalloids
-Used in prehospital care
Iso, Hyper, Hypo-tonic solutions
Colloids
-Stay in intravascular space for a long time, have oncotic force
Oncotic Force
-Osmotic pressure induced by proteins that displaces H2O molecules out of the blood and into interstitial space
Lactated Ringers and what it contains (4)
-Isotonic Solution
- Contains:
1. Calcium chloride
2. Potassium chloride
3. Sodium chloride
4. Sodium lactate
Interstitial Fluid
-It is between the cell and vasculature
Body Cavities (5)
- Plueral (Surrounds lungs)
- Pericardial
- Peritoneal
- Retroperitoneal
- Thoracic
