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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 1-Intro/Cells/Organization > Flashcards

1-Intro/Cells/Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

A

Divides left and right of the body

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2
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides the front and back of the body

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3
Q

Transverse (Axial) Plane

A

Divides the top and bottom of the body at the naval

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4
Q

Apex

A

The point of an organ

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5
Q

RUQ contains

A
  • Liver

- Gall Bladder

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6
Q

LUQ contains

A
  • Stomach

- Spleen

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7
Q

RLQ contains

A

-Appendix

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8
Q

LLQ contains

A

-Intestines

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9
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A
  • Pancreas (RUQ, LUQ)
  • Urinary Bladder (RLQ, LLQ)
  • Kidneys (Above umbilicus)
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10
Q

Shapes of Cells (4)

A
  • Flat
  • Brick
  • Thread-like
  • Irregular
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11
Q

Main parts of a cell (3)

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
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12
Q

Role of Plasma Membrane and the name of the 2 layers

A

-Gateway of the cell

  1. Phospholipid
  2. Cholesterol
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13
Q

Role of the Nucleus (3)

A
  • Contains genetic code
  • Control center
  • Determines structure and function of the cell
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14
Q

Parts of the Nucleus (4)

A
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromatin granules
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15
Q

Cytoplasm of a cell (2)

A
  • Mostly fluid

- Contains organelles

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16
Q

Role of the Ribosomes

A
  • Make enzymes and protein

- Attach to endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and the 2 types

A

-Tubes that carry protein

  1. Rough-Ribosomes are attached
  2. Smooth-Full of protein already
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18
Q

Role of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Process and package chemicals in the cell

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19
Q

Role of the Mitochondria, what comes in, what goes out

A
  • Power plant of the cell
  • Oxygen and glucose in
  • ATP and CO2 out
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20
Q

Role of Lysosomes

A

-Suicide bags that contain enzymes and destroy microbes

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21
Q

Diffusion and the 2 types

A

-Movement of solutes to balance amount, no energy needed

  1. Osmosis- Diffusion of water
  2. Dialysis- Diffusion of solutes
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22
Q

Filtration

A

-Hydrostatic pressure forces movement

Urine formation

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23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

-Carrier molecule moves stuff in and out of the cell

Insulin

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24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

-Process of a cell destroying or “eating” bacteria to remove it from the body

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25
Pinocytosis
-Absorbs a substance into cell to remove it from the body
26
Role of Cilia
-Small hair-like structure that allows for cell movement
27
Role of Flagella
-Single projection that allows for cell movement | Sperm tail
28
Ion Pump (Electrolyte)
-Use energy from ATP to move particles, some transport glucose or amino acids
29
Cations
-Positively charged ion
30
Anions
-Negatively charged ion
31
Cell Hyperplasia
-Increase in reproduction
32
Anaplasia
-Abnormal cell production
33
Tumor
-Uncontrolled cell reproduction
34
Aerobic vs Anaerobic Metabolism
- Anaerobic- Stage one- Glucose and no oxygen in, little energy and lactic acid out - Aerobic- Stage two- Glucose and oxygen in, ATP and CO2 out
35
Types of Tissue (4)
- Epithelial - Connective - Muscle - Nervous
36
Connective Tissue (3 things)
- Most abundant in the body - Holds organs together - Supports framework of the body
37
Role of Bone (3)
- Forms osteons - Stores calcium - Provides protection
38
Role of Cartilage
-Cushions bones
39
Connective Tissue Matrix
-Middle of the cell
40
Role of Blood
-Transport nutrients
41
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth
42
Skeletal Muscle
- Voluntary movement | - Attaches to bone
43
Cardiac Muscle
- Involuntary movement | - Automaticity
44
Smooth Muscle (Visceral)
- Involuntary movement - Only 1 nucleus per fiber - Forms inside walls of organs and vessels
45
Nervous Tissue and Types (2)
- Communication - Controls functions of the body - Types 1. Neurons 2. Glia
46
Neurons and Axon vs Dendrite
Cell body Axon-Carries impulse away from the cell Dendrite- Carries impulse toward the cell
47
Types of Cellular Fluid (2)
- Intracellular | - Extracellular
48
Intracellular Fluid
-Makes up about 40% of total body weight
49
Extracellular Fluid and the 2 types
- Makes up about 20% of total body weight 1. Intravascular-Plasma about 30% of ECF 2. Interstitial-Between cells and vascular bed, 15-16% of total body weight
50
Most abundant Intracellular anion
-Potassium (K)
51
Most abundant Extracellular Cation
-Sodium (Na)
52
Role of a Ca Channel Blocker Na Channel Blocker K Channel Blocker
CaCB- Lower HR NaCB- Lower HR KCB- Increase HR
53
Isotonic Fluid
-Same toxicity as body
54
Hypotonic Solution
- Lower toxicity than body - For dehydration - ISF and Cells get more fluid right away - 1/2 NS, D5W
55
Hypertonic Solution
- Higher toxicity than in the body - Sucks fluid out and into the vein - Used to give nutrients - D10 and up
56
Sodium Potassium Pump
- Moves Na out and K in | - Nerve impulse rushes Na in then back out
57
Role of Calcium for cells
- Contractility | - Comes in through slow channels
58
Role of Magnesium in the cell
-Several biochemical processes
59
Role of Chloride
- Major role in fluid balance and renal function - (-)charge balances the (+)charge of cations - Associated with Na
60
Role of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Principle buffer of the body | - Neutralizes Hydrogen ion and other organic acids
61
Role of Phosphate (HPO4-)
- Important in energy stores - Associated with magnesium in renal function - Buffer for Intracellular space
62
Solute vs Solvent
- Solute-Stuff (Electrolytes, Sugar) | - Solvent-Fluid
63
Crystalloids
-Used in prehospital care | Iso, Hyper, Hypo-tonic solutions
64
Colloids
-Stay in intravascular space for a long time, have oncotic force
65
Oncotic Force
-Osmotic pressure induced by proteins that displaces H2O molecules out of the blood and into interstitial space
66
Lactated Ringers and what it contains (4)
-Isotonic Solution - Contains: 1. Calcium chloride 2. Potassium chloride 3. Sodium chloride 4. Sodium lactate
67
Interstitial Fluid
-It is between the cell and vasculature
68
Body Cavities (5)
- Plueral (Surrounds lungs) - Pericardial - Peritoneal - Retroperitoneal - Thoracic

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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