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Sinclair Paramedic 2100 > 1-Intro/Cells/Organization > Flashcards

1-Intro/Cells/Organization Flashcards

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1
Q

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

A

Divides left and right of the body

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2
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides the front and back of the body

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3
Q

Transverse (Axial) Plane

A

Divides the top and bottom of the body at the naval

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4
Q

Apex

A

The point of an organ

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5
Q

RUQ contains

A
  • Liver

- Gall Bladder

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6
Q

LUQ contains

A
  • Stomach

- Spleen

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7
Q

RLQ contains

A

-Appendix

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8
Q

LLQ contains

A

-Intestines

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9
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A
  • Pancreas (RUQ, LUQ)
  • Urinary Bladder (RLQ, LLQ)
  • Kidneys (Above umbilicus)
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10
Q

Shapes of Cells (4)

A
  • Flat
  • Brick
  • Thread-like
  • Irregular
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11
Q

Main parts of a cell (3)

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
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12
Q

Role of Plasma Membrane and the name of the 2 layers

A

-Gateway of the cell

  1. Phospholipid
  2. Cholesterol
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13
Q

Role of the Nucleus (3)

A
  • Contains genetic code
  • Control center
  • Determines structure and function of the cell
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14
Q

Parts of the Nucleus (4)

A
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromatin granules
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15
Q

Cytoplasm of a cell (2)

A
  • Mostly fluid

- Contains organelles

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16
Q

Role of the Ribosomes

A
  • Make enzymes and protein

- Attach to endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and the 2 types

A

-Tubes that carry protein

  1. Rough-Ribosomes are attached
  2. Smooth-Full of protein already
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18
Q

Role of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Process and package chemicals in the cell

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19
Q

Role of the Mitochondria, what comes in, what goes out

A
  • Power plant of the cell
  • Oxygen and glucose in
  • ATP and CO2 out
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20
Q

Role of Lysosomes

A

-Suicide bags that contain enzymes and destroy microbes

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21
Q

Diffusion and the 2 types

A

-Movement of solutes to balance amount, no energy needed

  1. Osmosis- Diffusion of water
  2. Dialysis- Diffusion of solutes
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22
Q

Filtration

A

-Hydrostatic pressure forces movement

Urine formation

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23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

-Carrier molecule moves stuff in and out of the cell

Insulin

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24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

-Process of a cell destroying or “eating” bacteria to remove it from the body

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25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

-Absorbs a substance into cell to remove it from the body

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26
Q

Role of Cilia

A

-Small hair-like structure that allows for cell movement

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27
Q

Role of Flagella

A

-Single projection that allows for cell movement

Sperm tail

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28
Q

Ion Pump (Electrolyte)

A

-Use energy from ATP to move particles, some transport glucose or amino acids

29
Q

Cations

A

-Positively charged ion

30
Q

Anions

A

-Negatively charged ion

31
Q

Cell Hyperplasia

A

-Increase in reproduction

32
Q

Anaplasia

A

-Abnormal cell production

33
Q

Tumor

A

-Uncontrolled cell reproduction

34
Q

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Metabolism

A
  • Anaerobic- Stage one- Glucose and no oxygen in, little energy and lactic acid out
  • Aerobic- Stage two- Glucose and oxygen in, ATP and CO2 out
35
Q

Types of Tissue (4)

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
36
Q

Connective Tissue (3 things)

A
  • Most abundant in the body
  • Holds organs together
  • Supports framework of the body
37
Q

Role of Bone (3)

A
  • Forms osteons
  • Stores calcium
  • Provides protection
38
Q

Role of Cartilage

A

-Cushions bones

39
Q

Connective Tissue Matrix

A

-Middle of the cell

40
Q

Role of Blood

A

-Transport nutrients

41
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
42
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Voluntary movement

- Attaches to bone

43
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Involuntary movement

- Automaticity

44
Q

Smooth Muscle (Visceral)

A
  • Involuntary movement
  • Only 1 nucleus per fiber
  • Forms inside walls of organs and vessels
45
Q

Nervous Tissue and Types (2)

A
  • Communication
  • Controls functions of the body
  • Types
    1. Neurons
    2. Glia
46
Q

Neurons and Axon vs Dendrite

A

Cell body

Axon-Carries impulse away from the cell

Dendrite- Carries impulse toward the cell

47
Q

Types of Cellular Fluid (2)

A
  • Intracellular

- Extracellular

48
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

-Makes up about 40% of total body weight

49
Q

Extracellular Fluid and the 2 types

A
  • Makes up about 20% of total body weight
    1. Intravascular-Plasma about 30% of ECF
    2. Interstitial-Between cells and vascular bed, 15-16% of total body weight
50
Q

Most abundant Intracellular anion

A

-Potassium (K)

51
Q

Most abundant Extracellular Cation

A

-Sodium (Na)

52
Q

Role of a Ca Channel Blocker

Na Channel Blocker

K Channel Blocker

A

CaCB- Lower HR

NaCB- Lower HR

KCB- Increase HR

53
Q

Isotonic Fluid

A

-Same toxicity as body

54
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A
  • Lower toxicity than body
  • For dehydration
  • ISF and Cells get more fluid right away
  • 1/2 NS, D5W
55
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A
  • Higher toxicity than in the body
  • Sucks fluid out and into the vein
  • Used to give nutrients
  • D10 and up
56
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A
  • Moves Na out and K in

- Nerve impulse rushes Na in then back out

57
Q

Role of Calcium for cells

A
  • Contractility

- Comes in through slow channels

58
Q

Role of Magnesium in the cell

A

-Several biochemical processes

59
Q

Role of Chloride

A
  • Major role in fluid balance and renal function
  • (-)charge balances the (+)charge of cations
  • Associated with Na
60
Q

Role of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

A
  • Principle buffer of the body

- Neutralizes Hydrogen ion and other organic acids

61
Q

Role of Phosphate (HPO4-)

A
  • Important in energy stores
  • Associated with magnesium in renal function
  • Buffer for Intracellular space
62
Q

Solute vs Solvent

A
  • Solute-Stuff (Electrolytes, Sugar)

- Solvent-Fluid

63
Q

Crystalloids

A

-Used in prehospital care

Iso, Hyper, Hypo-tonic solutions

64
Q

Colloids

A

-Stay in intravascular space for a long time, have oncotic force

65
Q

Oncotic Force

A

-Osmotic pressure induced by proteins that displaces H2O molecules out of the blood and into interstitial space

66
Q

Lactated Ringers and what it contains (4)

A

-Isotonic Solution

  • Contains:
    1. Calcium chloride
    2. Potassium chloride
    3. Sodium chloride
    4. Sodium lactate
67
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

-It is between the cell and vasculature

68
Q

Body Cavities (5)

A
  • Plueral (Surrounds lungs)
  • Pericardial
  • Peritoneal
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Thoracic

Sinclair Paramedic 2100 (10 decks)

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