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MSK - Final > 9/28 Deep Back And Suboccipital Triangle - Dennis (Completed) > Flashcards

9/28 Deep Back And Suboccipital Triangle - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three longissimus muscles? 9

A

Longissimus Thoracic

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus capitis

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2
Q

What are the spinalis group muscles? 10

A

Spinalis thoracis

Spinalis cervicis

Spinalis capitis

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3
Q

What is the deepest group of back muscles? 11

A

Transversospinalis group

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4
Q

What is the action of the Transversospinalis group? 11

A

Extends, rotates, and stabilizes segments of the spinal column

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5
Q

What groups are there for the semispinalis m.? What are the origins and insertions? 12

A

Semispinalis thoracis
O –> T6-T12 transverse process
I –> C6 - T4 spinous process

Semispinalis cervicis
O –> T1 - T6 transverse process
I –> C2 - C5 Spinous process

Semispinalis capitis
O –> C4 - T7 transverse process
I –> occipital bone

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6
Q

What is the action of the Rotatores muscle group? 14

A

Stabilize vertebrae

Assist with local extension

May have a role in proprioception

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7
Q

What muscles make up the minor deep layer? 15

A

Interspinales

Intertransversarii

Levatores costarum

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8
Q

What is the action of the interspinales? 15

A

Aids in extension of vertebral column

Rotation of the vertebral column

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9
Q

What is the action of the intertransversarii? 15

A

Aids in lateral flexion of vertebral column

Bilaterally stabilizes vertebral column

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10
Q

What is the action of the levatores costarum? 15

A

Elevates ribs

Assists w/ respiration

Assists w/ lateral flexion

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11
Q

What does the Cervical Ascending artery supply? 17

A

Deep muscles of the neck

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12
Q

What does the Cervical Deep artery supply? 17

A

Deep muscles of the posterior neck

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13
Q

What does the Costocervical Trunk artery supply? 17

A

deep muscles of the posterior neck

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14
Q

What does the Deep Cervical artery supply? 17

A

deep muscles of the posterior neck

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15
Q

What does the Lumbar artery supply? 17

A

Psoas major/minor

quadratus lumborum

spinal cord

vertebral column

deep back muscles

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16
Q

What does the Trunk, Costocervical artery supply? 17

A

Deep muscles of the posterior neck

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17
Q

What does the Trunk, Thyrocervical artery supply? 17

A

Lower neck

Posterior shoulder

Thyroid gland

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18
Q

What does the Vertebral artery supply? 17

A

Deep neck

Cervical spinal cord

Spinal cord

Medulla

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19
Q

Define back sprain? 18

A

Excessive extension or rotation

Injury to ligamentous tissue or attachment to bone

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20
Q

Define back strain? 18

A

Overly strong contraction

—> stretching/tearing of fibers (typically erector spinae)

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21
Q

What is the subregion? What is contained within the Suboccipital region? 19

A

a pyramidal space inferior to external occipital prominence

Posterior portion of C1 and C2

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of the Atlas? 20

A

C1 (has no body)

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of the Axis? 20

A

C2

Allows for flexion/extension

Contains a Dens

24
Q

What is the joint between the atlas and axis? 20

A

Lateral atlantoaxial joint

25
Q

What muscles are found within the suboccipital triangle? 21

A

Rectus capitis posterior major m.

Rectus capitis Posterior minor m.

Obliquus capitis superior m.

Obliquus capitis inferior m.

26
Q

Of the suboccipital triangle, what is the only muscle that does not contact the occipital bone? 22

A

Obliquus capitis inferior m.

27
Q

What muscles are involved with flexion of the head? 23

A

Longus capitis m.

Anterior fibers of sternocleidomastoid m.

Rectus capitis anterior m.

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid m.

28
Q

What muscles of the suboccipital triangle are involved in the extension of the head? 23

A

Obliquus capitis superior m.

Rectus capitis posterior major m.

Rectus capitis posterior minor m.

29
Q

What muscles of the suboccipital triangle are used for lateral flexion of the head? 23

A

obliquus capitis superior m.

30
Q

What muscles of the suboccipital triangle are involved in ipsilateral head rotation? 23

A

obliques capitis inferior m.

rectus capitis posterior major m.

rectus capitis posterior minor m.

31
Q

What is the origin of the suboccipital nerve feeding the suboccipital triangle? What’s its course? 24

A

origin –> posterior ramps of C1

runs through C1 and cranium before reaching the triangle

32
Q

What nerve provides sensation over the skin of the neck and occipital bone? 25

A

Greater occipital n.

33
Q

What artery branches from the subclavian artery up into the head? 26

A

The vertebral artery

34
Q

How does the vertebral artery ascend into the head? 26

A

They move through the transverse foramina of C7 —> C2

Perforates the dura

Passes through the foramen magnum

Form the basilar arteries

35
Q

Why are the cervical vertebrae more prone to dislocation? 27

A

Cervical vertebrae are less tightly locked

36
Q

What would most commonly cause a fracture of the atlas (C1)? 28

A

A sudden forceful compression

ex. Diving accident, roll-over car accident

37
Q

What would most commonly cause a par interarticularis fracture of the axis (C2)? 29

A

Judicial hanging (hyperextension of the neck)

Fracture of vertebral arch —> hangman’s fracture

38
Q

What would most commonly cause a fracture of the dens of the axis (C2)? 30

A

Horizontal blows to the head

39
Q

What is a type I Dens fracture? 30

A

Rare

Fracture of upper dens (odontoid process)

40
Q

What is a type II Dens fracture? 30

A

Most common, difficulty in healing

Fracture at base of dens (odontoid process)

41
Q

What is a type III dens fracture? 30

A

Best prognosis for healing

Fracture through dens (odontoid process) and lateral portions of C2

42
Q

What is a prime soft tissue example? 31

A

whiplash –> forward acceleration of head that then whips backwards

43
Q

What motion could cause vertebral artery impingement? 32

A

movement at the atlantoaxial joint can cause this

44
Q

What is a vertebral artery impingement? 32

A

Movement at atlantoaxial joint (C1/C2) causes blocking/impingement of vertebral artery

45
Q

What is Occipital Neuralgia? 33

A

Irritation of the greater occipital and lesser occipital nerves

Pain felt to back of head and jaw

46
Q

What do we call the superficial/extrinsic muscles? 3

A

hypaxial (hypomere) - ventral rami

47
Q

What do we call the deep/intrinsic muscles? 3

A

Epaxial (epimere) - dorsal rami

48
Q

What type of muscle is serratus posterior inferior/superior

A

extrinsic - hypaxial - hypomere - ventral rami

49
Q

Where does the Splenius capitis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 6

A

Erector Spinae group

O –> C3 - T3

I –> Occipital and temporal bone

N –> dorsal rami C3

Action:
Unilateral - ipsilateral rotation, sidebending
bilateral - head extension

50
Q

Where does the Splenius cervicis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 6

A

Erector Spinae group

O –> T3 - T6

I –> Atlas (C1), Axis (C2)

N –> Dorsal Rami C6

Action:
Unilateral - ipsilateral rotation, sidebending
bilateral - head extension

51
Q

What does ILS stand for?

A

I Love Spine (Lateral –> medial)

Iliocostalis m.

Longissimus m.

Spinalis m.

52
Q

What groups are there for the Iliocostalis m.? 8

A

lumborum

thoracis

cervicis

53
Q

What innervates the semispinalis m.?

A

posterior rami

54
Q

What innervates the multifidus m.?

A

Posterior rami

55
Q

What innervates the rotatores m.?

A

posterior rami

56
Q

What nerve allows for sensation over the superolateral neck and scalp? 25

A

lesser occipital n.

MSK - Final (23 decks)

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