10/7 Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards
What are the primary curvatures of the spine? 3
Thoracic
Sacral
What are the secondary curvatures of the spine? 3
Cervical
Lumbar
What are the unique characteristics of the cervical vertebrae? 7
bifid spinous process
wide, but small/thin body
triangle shaped vertebral foramen
transverse foramina
What is Thoracic outlet syndrome? 8
presence of cervical ribs causes impingement of neurovasculature
What are the unique characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae? 9
articulation for ribs
body - heart shaped
costal facets on transverse processes
limited lateral flexion
What are the unique characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae? 10
biggest body
triangular shaped vertebral foramen
allows for flexion and extension of trunk
What are the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia? 12
the anterior, middle, and posterior lamina
What type of cartilage make up intervertebral discs? 14
fibrocartilage
What are the two components of the intervertebral disc? 14
nucleus pulposus - from notochord
anulus fibrosus
What maintains the intervertebral joints? 15
annulus fibrosis
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament
What is the purpose of the anterior ligament? 15
prevents hyperextension
What is the purpose of the posterior ligament? 15
limits the amount of flexion
What is the role of the supraspinous ligament? 16
connects adjacent spinal processes
What is the role of the intertransverse ligament? 16
connects adjacent transverse processes
What is a herniated intervertebral disc? 17
portion of the intervertebral disc squeezes out and impinges the spinal cord
due to a small posterior longitudinal ligament
What are three types of spinal cord impingement? 18
central stenosis
foraminal stenosis
herniated disk
What would cause a thoracic region disc herniation? 19
sudden and forceful twisting of the midback region
What is the most common place within the spine to have a disc herniation? 20
lumbar region
What supplies the cervical region? 21
vertebral arteries
cervical arteries
What supplies the thoracic region? 21
posterior intercostal arteries
What supplies the lumbar region? 21
subcostal arteries
lumbar arteries
What supplies the sacral region? 21
Iliolumbar arteries
medial sacral arteries
lateral sacral arteries
What are the three different spinal meninges? 23
Dura mater - white
Arachnoid mater - spider web, creates space that house the CSF
pia mater - denticulate ligaments connect the spinal cord to the other layers of them eninges
where does the spinal cord end? 24
at L1 vertebrae
What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord? Why do they enlarge? 24
cervical enlargement
lumbar enlargement
enlargements are for the upper and lower extremities for innervation
What do we call the area in which the spinal cord proper stops?
conus medullaris
What is an extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord in place? Where does it attach to?
film terminale
anchors to the most inferior portion of the vertebral column
What do we call the area inferior of the conus medullaris where nerves begin to splay out from one another? 24
cauda equina
Where is a lumbar puncture performed? 26
between L3 and L4
What is spondylolysis? 27
broken vertebrae
leads to spondylolisthesis
What is spondylolisthesis? 27
anterior displacement of a vertebrae compared to an adjacent vertabrae
What is Pars Interarticularis? 28
a spondylolysis (fracture) between the inferior and superior articular facets
the fracture looks like a collar of a scottie dog
What is a compression fracture? 29
a collapse of bone of a vertebral body
What do we call the process of thinning or decrease in bone mass? 30
osteopenia
What do we call the condition of having diminished bone density making bone prone to fracture? 30
osteoporosis
What is scoliosis? 31
excessive lateral curvature of the spine
What is kyphosis? 31
an excessive thoracic curvature
What is lordosis? 31
excessive lumbar curvature
