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MSK - Final > 10/7 Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord - Dennis (Completed) > Flashcards

10/7 Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the spine? 3

A

Thoracic

Sacral

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2
Q

What are the secondary curvatures of the spine? 3

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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3
Q

What are the unique characteristics of the cervical vertebrae? 7

A

bifid spinous process

wide, but small/thin body

triangle shaped vertebral foramen

transverse foramina

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4
Q

What is Thoracic outlet syndrome? 8

A

presence of cervical ribs causes impingement of neurovasculature

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5
Q

What are the unique characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae? 9

A

articulation for ribs

body - heart shaped

costal facets on transverse processes

limited lateral flexion

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6
Q

What are the unique characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae? 10

A

biggest body

triangular shaped vertebral foramen

allows for flexion and extension of trunk

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia? 12

A

the anterior, middle, and posterior lamina

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8
Q

What type of cartilage make up intervertebral discs? 14

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

What are the two components of the intervertebral disc? 14

A

nucleus pulposus - from notochord

anulus fibrosus

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10
Q

What maintains the intervertebral joints? 15

A

annulus fibrosis

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the anterior ligament? 15

A

prevents hyperextension

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the posterior ligament? 15

A

limits the amount of flexion

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13
Q

What is the role of the supraspinous ligament? 16

A

connects adjacent spinal processes

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14
Q

What is the role of the intertransverse ligament? 16

A

connects adjacent transverse processes

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15
Q

What is a herniated intervertebral disc? 17

A

portion of the intervertebral disc squeezes out and impinges the spinal cord

due to a small posterior longitudinal ligament

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16
Q

What are three types of spinal cord impingement? 18

A

central stenosis

foraminal stenosis

herniated disk

17
Q

What would cause a thoracic region disc herniation? 19

A

sudden and forceful twisting of the midback region

18
Q

What is the most common place within the spine to have a disc herniation? 20

A

lumbar region

19
Q

What supplies the cervical region? 21

A

vertebral arteries

cervical arteries

20
Q

What supplies the thoracic region? 21

A

posterior intercostal arteries

21
Q

What supplies the lumbar region? 21

A

subcostal arteries

lumbar arteries

22
Q

What supplies the sacral region? 21

A

Iliolumbar arteries

medial sacral arteries

lateral sacral arteries

23
Q

What are the three different spinal meninges? 23

A

Dura mater - white

Arachnoid mater - spider web, creates space that house the CSF

pia mater - denticulate ligaments connect the spinal cord to the other layers of them eninges

24
Q

where does the spinal cord end? 24

A

at L1 vertebrae

25
Q

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord? Why do they enlarge? 24

A

cervical enlargement

lumbar enlargement

enlargements are for the upper and lower extremities for innervation

26
Q

What do we call the area in which the spinal cord proper stops?

A

conus medullaris

27
Q

What is an extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord in place? Where does it attach to?

A

film terminale

anchors to the most inferior portion of the vertebral column

28
Q

What do we call the area inferior of the conus medullaris where nerves begin to splay out from one another? 24

A

cauda equina

29
Q

Where is a lumbar puncture performed? 26

A

between L3 and L4

30
Q

What is spondylolysis? 27

A

broken vertebrae

leads to spondylolisthesis

31
Q

What is spondylolisthesis? 27

A

anterior displacement of a vertebrae compared to an adjacent vertabrae

32
Q

What is Pars Interarticularis? 28

A

a spondylolysis (fracture) between the inferior and superior articular facets

the fracture looks like a collar of a scottie dog

33
Q

What is a compression fracture? 29

A

a collapse of bone of a vertebral body

34
Q

What do we call the process of thinning or decrease in bone mass? 30

A

osteopenia

35
Q

What do we call the condition of having diminished bone density making bone prone to fracture? 30

A

osteoporosis

36
Q

What is scoliosis? 31

A

excessive lateral curvature of the spine

37
Q

What is kyphosis? 31

A

an excessive thoracic curvature

38
Q

What is lordosis? 31

A

excessive lumbar curvature

MSK - Final (23 decks)

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