10/13 Synaptic Transmission - Roger 2017 (Completed)

Question 1

What are the conditions involved in Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP)? What is the result? 22

Answer 1

Na+ coming in
K+ going out
but not at high enough concentration

potential moves closer to threshold, but does not cross over
hypopolarization

Question 2

Which is faster, a chemical synapse or an electrical synapse? 15

Answer 2

Electrical synapse

Question 3

What are some components of an electrical synapse? 16

Answer 3

occurs between adjacent cells that share a similar cytosol (similar medium) and transport current between gap junctions made up of connexin molecules

Multidirectional flow

Question 4

What are some of the components of a chemical synapse? 17

Answer 4

involve a pre-synaptic and post-synaptic cleft

unidirectional flow

Question 5

After a neurotransmitter binds a post-synaptic receptor what happens to it? 19

Answer 5

taken back up into pre-synaptic cleft

diffuses away

enzymatically inactivated

Question 6

What are the conditions involved in Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP)? What is the result? 22

Answer 6

K+ going out
Cl- coming in

potential moves farther from threshold
hyperpolarization

Question 7

What is Temporal summation? 23

Answer 7

a neuron sends a repeated signal which summates on itself (additive) and crosses the threshold –> action potential

Question 8

What is Spatial Summation? 23

Answer 8

more than one neuron “gang up” and together stimulate a potential great enough to cross threshold –> action potential

Question 9

What is one criteria of neurotransmitters that wouldn’t immediately come to mind? 25

Answer 9

Neurotransmitters must be inactivated

Question 10

What are the two ways of producing Neurotransmitters? 26

Answer 10

derive them from food substrates

synthesizing them in the soma of a neuron

Question 11

What are the components that are derived from food that are used in neurotransmitter production? 26

Answer 11

glutamate

glycine

aspartate

Question 12

What factors will result in an increase of neurotransmitter release? 27

Answer 12

increase [calcium]

increase [action potential]

Question 13

What processes of neurotransmission can be a drug target? 29

Answer 13

PIP PBR

P rolong clearance/inactivation
I ncrease number of action potentials
P revent vesicles from releasing NT

P roduce more/less NT
B lock reuptake or post-synaptic receptors
R elease NT from vesicles w/ or w/o impulse

Question 14

What is an example of a Choline ester neurotransmitter? 30

Answer 14

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 15

What is are examples of Biogenic amine neurotransmitters? 30

Answer 15

DENS

Dopamine

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

Question 16

What are examples of amino acid neurotransmitters? 30

Answer 16

GGG

Glutamate

Glycine

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)

Question 17

What are examples of neuropeptide neurotransmitters? 30

Answer 17

GAE

Glucagon

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Endorphins

Question 18

Walk-through of a Nicotinic (inotropic) Acetylcholine receptor. 31

Answer 18

acetylcholine release and binding to post-synaptic receptors increases permeability to Na+ and K+ through those post-synaptic receptors

Question 19

Walk-through of a Muscarinic (metabotropic) acetylcholine receptor. 32

Answer 19

acetylcholine release and binding to a g receptor (post-synaptic receptors)

wide variety of responses
tends to be slow

Question 20

What is an example of a muscarinic response? 32

Answer 20

parasympathetic responses

Question 21

What is Hebbian learning? 35

Answer 21

if a neuron A adjacent to neuron B causes activation of B frequently then A and B’s connection will strengthen and B will become more sensitive to A