10/5 Anterior Forearm - Brauer (Completed) Flashcards
What do you find between the radius and ulna?
Interosseus membrane
What is the palmar carpal ligament
superficial anterior continuation of the antebrachial fascia
lies above the ulnar a.
Where does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with the radius? 4
Articular fovea
What four muscles use the medial epicondyle of the humerus as their origin (from lateral to medial)? 6
Pronator teres m.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Palmaris longus m.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Where does the Pronator teres m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Origin:
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid process
I —> lateral side of radius
N —> median n. (C6, C7)
Action:
Pronates forearm
Flexes forearm
Where does the Flexor carpi radialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 7
O —> media epicondyle
I —> base 2nd metacarpal
N —> median n. (C6, C7)
Action:
Flexes hand at wrist
Abducts hand at wrist
Where does the Flexor carpi ulnaris m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 7
Origin:
Medial epicondyle
Olecranon
Insertion:
Pisiform
Hook of hamate
5th metacarpal
N —> Ulnar n. (C7 - T1)
Action:
Flexes hand at wrist
Adducts hand at wrist
Where does the Palmaris longus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
O —> medial condyle
Insertion:
distal flexor retinaculum
Palmaris aponeurosis
N —> median n. (C7, C8)
Action:
Flexes wrist
Tenses aponeurosis
What are the anterior forearm muscles of the superficial layer? 7
Pronator teres m.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Palmaris longus m. (May be absent in some)
What are the muscles of the anterior forearm that make up the intermediate layer? 8
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
Where does the Flexor digitorum superficialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Superior anterior border of radius
I —> shaft of the middle phalanges of the medial 4 digits
N —> median n. (C8, T1)
Action:
Flexes middle phalanges at proximal IPJ
Flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joint
What muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior forearm? 9
Pronator quadratus m.
Flexor pollicis longus m.
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
Where does the Pronator quadratus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 9
Origin: Ulnar head (coronoid process) Humeral head (medial epicondyle)
I —> mid-lateral radius
N —> median n. (C8, T1)
A —> pronates the forearm
Where does the Flexor pollicis longus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Origin:
Anterior radius
Interosseus membrane
I —> distal phalanx of thumb
N —> median n. (C8, T1)
A —> flexes the wrist
Where does the Flexor digitorum profundus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 9
Origin:
Anterior ulna
Interosseous membrane
I —> distal phalanges
Nerves and action:
Ulnar n. (Flexes digits 3 and 4) (C8, T1)
Median n. (Flexes digits 2 and 3) (C8, T1)
What joint does Flexor digitorum superficialis m. flex?
Flexes the intermediate phalangeal joint
What happens in Golfer’s Elbow? (Pitchers elbow, Bowler’s elbow) 12
Excessive use of pronator teres m. And flexor carpi radialis m. Causes inflammation in the tendons by their origin (medial epicondyle of the humerus)
Inflammation impinges median nerve causing pain
How does the median nerve travel down the forearm? 13
Crosses the Cubital fossa medially
dives between the heads of pronator teres m.
runs between the digitorum profundus m. and the flexor digitorum superficialis m.
enters the palm
Where does the Ulnar Nerve travel within the forearm? 14
travels under the Flexor carpi Ulnaris m.
near the wrist it travels between the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) and the palmar carpal ligament
enters palm
What does antebrachial fascia continue as posteriorly by the wrist?
extensor retinaculum
flexor retinaculum on the anterior side
What is the significance of the radial tuberosity?
insertion for biceps brachii tendon
What is the significance of the radial anterior oblique line?
origin of flexor digitorum superficialis
What is the significance of the posterior oblique line?
origin for abductor pollicis longus
What is the significance of the olecranon of the Ulna?
it articulates w/ the trochlea of the humerus
What joint does Flexor digitorum profundus m. flex? What is unique about its tendon? 10
the tendon feeds through the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis
the FDP m. flexes the distal interphalangeal joint
When does the brachial artery divide? What does the brachial artery divide into? 15
divides at the inferior cubital fossa
Divides into:
Radial a.
Ulnar a. –> common interosseous –> ant. and posterior interosseous a.
What is anterior Interosseous Syndrome? 16
damage to the anterior interosseous nerve branch of the median n.
unable to flex thumb
What muscles does the anterior Interosseous branch of the Median n. innervate? 16
Flexor Pollicus Longus m.
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
What is Claw hand? 17
Ulnar n. damage
MPJ of all digits becomes hyperextended
IPJ flex because they are unopposed
What is Hand of Benediction? 17
Median n. damage
loss of flexion of PIJ 1-3
loss of flexion of DIJ/MPJ 2-3
loss of flexion of lumbricals 1-2
What nerve innervates all of the anterior arm?
Musculocutaneous n.
What nerves innervates the posterior arm and forearm*?
posterior arm - radial n.
Posterior forearm - radial n. (AND BRANCHES)
What is the arrangement of the anterior forearm? What muscles are found in each arrangement?
(superficial) 4 –> 1 –> 3 (deep) ( 4 - 1 = 3)
Pass.Fail.Pass.Fail
(Brachioradialis m.) - radial n. (Pass) --> Pronator teres m. (Fail) --> Flexor Carpi radialis m. (Pass) --> Palmaris longus m. - only 30% of people have (Fail) --> Flexor Carpi Ulnaris m.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis m. (girlie fist)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus m. (man fist)
Flexor Pollicis Longus (tucks thumb)
Pronator Quadratus m. (flips hand over)
(now you’re ready to fight)
What muscles of the forearm are innervated by the Ulnar n.?
Ulnar n. is pinched between:
Flexor Carpi ulnaris m.
Flexor digitorum profundus m. (1/2 the muscle)
What does 1/2 LOAF mean???
refers to the hand
1/2 LOAF = median n.
2nd digit lumbrical 3rd digit lumbrical Opponens Abductor pollicis Flexor pollicis
Everything - 1/2 LOAF = ???
everything besides 1/2 LOAF is innervated by the Ulnar n.
What is the acronym for the Cubital anastomoses?
S uperior ulnar collateral - Medial
I nferior Ulnar collateral - medial
M iddle collateral - lateral
R adial collateral - lateral
P osterior ulnar recurrent - medial
A nterior ulnar recurrent - medial
I nterosseous recurrent - lateral
R adial recurrent - lateral
