10/7 Introduction to Upper Extremity and Superficial Back - Brauer | Scapular and Deltoid Region - Carter (Completed) Flashcards
What two bones make up the pectoral girdle? 2
calvicle
scapula
What is the only limb joint that attaches the upper limb to the body? 3
the sternoclavicular joint
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? 3
synovial joint w/ two separate synovial cavities
What muscles do we describe as hypaxial? 5
ventral
flexors of arm and shoulder
SOME MUSCLES OF EXTENSORS OF LIMBS IN THE BACK
What muscles do we describe as Epaxial? 5
dorsal
If you had to pick a region, what region of the back would you say was hypaxial?
The superficial back muscles (primarily involved in moving the upper limb)
What are the muscles of Layer 1 (Superficial layer)? Where are these muscles derived from? What innervates these muscles? 7
Trapezius (CN 11 Accessory)
Latissimus Dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.)
Both are hypaxial muscles
What are the muscles of Layer 2 of the back (Intermediate Layer)? Where are these muscles derived from? What innervates these muscles? 7
Levator Scapulae m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)
Rhomboid Minor m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)
Rhomboid Major m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)
All are Hypaxial muscles
Where does the Trapezius m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 8, 9
Superficial muscle
O –> nuchal ligament ( C7 - T12)
Insertion:
clavicle
acromion
scapular spine
N –> Spinal Accessory n. CN 11 (also motor branches of C3 & C4)
Action: PURED P rotraction U pward rotation of scapula R etraction E levation D epression of scapula
Where does the Latissimus Dorsi m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 10, 11
Superficial muscle
Origin:
thoracolumbar fascia (T7 - T12)
Iliac crest
I –> intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N –> thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)
Action: MAE
M edially rotates humerus
A dducts humerus
E xtends humerus
What are the borders of the triangle of Auscultation? 12
Trapezius m. (Spinal accessory CN 11)
Latissimus dorsi m. (thoracodorsal n.)
Medial scapular border
Where does the Levator scapulae m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15
Deep Extrinsic Muscle
O –> post. tubercles of transverse processes (C1 - C4)
I –> medial superior scapula
N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Action:
elevates scapula
Downward rotation scapula
Where does the Rhomboid minor m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15
Deep Extrinsic Muscle
O –> nuchal ligament (C7 - T1)
I –> upper medial border of scapula
N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Action: RED
R etraction
E levation of scapula
D ownward rotation
Where does the Rhomboid major m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15
Deep Extrinsic Muscle
O –> spinous processes (T2 - T5)
I –> medial scapular border
N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Action: RED
R etraction
E levation of scapula
D ownward rotation
Dorsal Rami innervate deep muscle and what else? 16
Dorsal Rami (epaxial) innervate deep muscles and then penetrate through ventral rami (hypaxial) to innervate cutaneously
What muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles? 17, 18
SITS
Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres minor m.
Subscapularis
What innervates the supraspinatus m. and infraspinatus m.? 18
Supraspinatus n.
What innervates Teres minor m.? 18
Axillary n.
What innervates the subscapularis m.? 18
subscapular n.
What ligament transverses the suprascapular notch?
transverse scapular ligament
Within the suprascapular notch where do the artery and nerve transverse? What is the artery? What is the nerve? 19
suprascapular n. goes under transverse scapular ligament
suprascapular a. goes over the transverse scapular ligament
What are the branches of the Thyrocervical trunk? 20
1.) Suprascapular a. –> infrascapular a. –> 4.) circumflex scapular a. –> subscapular a. –> axillary a. and 5.) thoracodorsal a.
Transverse cervical a. –> 2.) dorsal scapular a. –> 3.) posterior intercostal arteries
Subclavian a. –> axillary a. (name change happens when subclavian crosses the clavicle)
If you ligate the axillary a. what changes would occur? 21
blood flow would reverse in the subscapular a. allowing for the lower extremity to still receive blood
What is found within the triangular space? 22
circumflex scapular a.
What is found within the Quadrangular space? 22
axillary n.
posterior humeral circumflex a.
What is found within the Triangular hiatus? 22
Radial n.
Deep brachial a.
What are the borders of the triangular space? 22
Teres minor - medial side
Teres major - base
Triceps long head - lateral side
What are the borders of the Quadrangular space? 22
lateral border of scapula - superior border
Teres major - inferior border
Triceps long head - medial side/border
surgical neck of humerus - lateral side/border
What are the borders of the Triangular Hiatus? 22
Teres major - medial side
Triceps lateral head - lateral side
Where does the Serratus anterior m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Deep Extrinsic Muscle
O –>lat. surface, ribs 1-9
I –> medial border of scapula
N –> long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)
Action: UP
Upward rotation of scapula (most important)
Protracts scapula
Where does the Deltoid m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
Origin: SAL
Spine of scapula
Acromion
Lateral third of clavicle
I –> deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N –> axillary nerve (C5-C6)
Action: FEMAL Flex arm Extend Arm Medially rotate arm Abduct Arm Lateral rotate arm
Where does the Supraspinatus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
O –> supraspinatus fossa
I –> superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
N –> Suprascapular nerve (C5 - C6)
A –> arm abduction
Where does the Infraspinatus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
O –> infraspinatus fossa
I –> middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
N –> Suprascapular n.
A –> Lateral rotation of arm
Where does the Teres minor m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
O –> lateral border of scapula
I –> inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
N –> axillary nerve
Actions:
Lateral rotation of arm (primary action)
Weak adductor of the arm
Where does the Teres major m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
O–> lateral border of scapula.
I –> lesser tubercle of the humerus
N –> subscapular nerve (C5 - C6)
Actions: MAE
Medial rotation of arm
Adduction of arm
Extension of arm
Where does the Subscapularis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle
O –> costal surface of scapula
I –> lesser tubercle of humerus
N –> Subscapular n.
A –> medial rotation of arm
What muscles are supplied by the transverse cervical artery?
Levator scapulae m.
trapezius m.
Rhomboid Major m.
Rhomboid Minor m.
What muscles are supplied by the suprascapular artery?
supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
What muscles are supplied by the thoracodorsal artery?
Subscapularis m.
Teres Major m.
Latissimus dorsi m.
Serratus anterior m.
What muscles are supplied by the posterior humeral circumflex artery?
deltoid m.
