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MSK - Final > 10/5 Brachium (Arm) and Cubital Fossa - Carter (Completed) > Flashcards

10/5 Brachium (Arm) and Cubital Fossa - Carter (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What innervates the skin of the upper shoulder?

A

Supraclavicular nerves

C3 - C4

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2
Q

Overall, for the entire brachium (arm) and cubital fossa what innervates it?

A

ventral primary rami

C3 - T3

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3
Q

What innervation makes up the brachial plexus?

A

Brachial Plexus

C5 - T1

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4
Q

What does the Brachial plexus innervate?

A

brachium

antebrachium

hand

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5
Q

What innervates the skin over the deltoid?

A

Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Axillary nerve

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6
Q

What innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of the lower arm (Brachium) ?

A

Inferior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Radial nerve

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7
Q

What innervates the skin of the posterior aspect of the lower arm (Brachium)?

A

Posterior Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Radial nerve

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8
Q

What innervates the skin of the medial aspect of the upper arm (brachium)?

A

Medial Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the medial cord of the brachial plexus

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9
Q

What innervates the skin of the:
Anterior aspect of the brachium
Medial aspect of the antebrachium

A

Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous nerve

via the medial cord of the brachial plexus

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10
Q

What innervates the skin of the armpit and medial arm?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

T2 - T3

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11
Q

What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?

A

insertion point for deltoid muscle

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12
Q

What is the significance of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

origin for most extensor muscles of the forearm

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13
Q

What is the significance of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

origin for many flexor muscles of the forearm

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14
Q

What is the significance of the Trochlea of the humerus?

A

articulates with proximal ulna

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15
Q

What is the significance of the Capitulum of the humerus?

A

articulates with the head of the radius

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16
Q

What is the significance of the Spiral Groove of the humerus?

A

Visible on the posterior surface

Location of radial nerve

Location of Profunda brachii artery (posterior surface)

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17
Q

What is the significance of the coronoid fossa of the humerus?

A

Found on the anterior surface proximal to the trochlea

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18
Q

What is the significance of the Olecranon fossa of the humerus?

A

Found on the posterior surface of the brachium proximal to the trochlea

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19
Q

What connective tissue surrounds the muscles of the brachium (arm)?

A

Deep Brachial Fascia

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20
Q

what two fascia separates the brachium further?

A

Humerus to lateral surface –> Lateral Intermuscular Septum

Humerus to medial surface –> Medial Intermuscular Septum

21
Q

What is the deep brachial fascia continuous with?

A

pectoral fascia above

antebrachial fascia below

22
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the brachium? What is their role?

A

Flexors

  1. ) Coracobrachialis m.
  2. ) Biceps brachii m.
  3. ) Brachialis m.
23
Q

Where does the Coracobrachialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O –> coracoid process

I –> Medial side of mid-humeral shaft

N –> musculocutaneous n.

A –> flexes arm | adducts arm

24
Q

Where does the Biceps brachii long head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O –> supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I –> radial tuberosity

N –> musculocutaneous n.

Action:
flexes elbow joint
supinates radius (forearm)
flexor of the shoulder joint (weak)
25
Q

Where does the Brachialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O –> anterior humerus (distal 1/2)

I –> ulnar tuberosity

N –> musculocutaneous n.

A –> flexes elbow (stronger than biceps brachii)

26
Q

What spinal nerves innervate the heart?

27
Q

During an MI where is pain referred?

A

Medial side of the left arm (brachium)

Both the medial left arm and heart utilize T2 and T3 for innervation

28
Q

Where does the Biceps brachii short head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O —> coracoid process

Insertion:
radial tuberosity
Bicipital aponeurosis

N —> musculocutaneous n.

Action:
Flexes elbow joint (most important)
Supinate radius (aka forearm)
Weak flexor of shoulder joint
29
Q

Where does the Triceps brachii long head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O —> infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I —> olecranon process of ulna

N —> radial nerve

A —> extends elbow (keeps extended)

30
Q

Where does the Triceps brachii lateral head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O —> posterior humerus (proximal to radial groove)

I —>olecranon process of ulna

N —> radial n.

A —> extends elbow (keeps extended)

31
Q

Where does the Triceps brachii medial head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

A

O —> posterior humerus (distal to radial groove)

I —> olecranon process of ulna

N —> radial n.

A —> extends elbow (keeps elbow extended)

32
Q

What is the brachial artery a continuation of? Where does the brachial a. begin?

A

Continuation of the axillary a.

begins at the lower border of teres major m.

33
Q

Where does the brachial a. travel?

A

After it begins just inferior of the Teres major m. the brachial a. travels medially and inferiorly until it passes deep below the bicipital aponeurosis.

branches into multipe arteries in the arm (brachium)

bifurcates 1” from the elbow crease into:
Ulnar a.
Radial a.

34
Q

Where does the cephalic vein begin and how does it travel out of the brachium? What does the cephalic vein ultimately join?

A

Travels in the superficial fascia up the forearm and then continues lateral to the biceps brachii m.

Leaves the brachium through deltopectoral triangle (between the deltoid and pectoralis major m)

Ultimately joins the axillary v.

35
Q

Where does the basilic vein begin and how does it travel out of the brachium? What does the cephalic vein ultimately join?

A

Travels from forearm through superficial fascia along medial side of front of elbow

Vein penetrates the brachial fascia entering the anterior muscular compartment

Ultimately joins the axillary vein

36
Q

What will you find traveling along side the brachial artery in the brachium?

A

The median n.

37
Q

How do we define the upper (superior) boundary of the Cubital fossa?

A

An imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyle

38
Q

What are the boundaries of the Cubital fossa?

A

Superior —> imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles

Medial —> pronator teres m.

Lateral —> brachioradialis m.

Floor —> brachialis and supinator muscles

Roof:
Brachial/antebrachial fascia
Subcutaneous tissue and skin

39
Q

What are the nerves of the Cubital fossa? Where do they lie?

A

Median n. (Medial to biceps tendon)

Radial n. (Deep to brachialis m.)

Medial cutaneous n. (Antebrachial n.)

Lateral cutaneous n. (Antebrachial n.)

40
Q

What are the arteries of the Cubital fossa?

A

Brachial artery which branches off into the:
Ulnar a.
Radial a.

41
Q

Where would you find the brachial artery?

A

Running between the biceps tendon and the median n.

42
Q

What are the veins of the Cubital fossa? Where do they lie?

A

Cephalic v. (Runs lateral)

Basilic v. (Runs medial)

Median Cubital v. (Connects basilic and cephalic to one another)

Venae commitantes (small veins)

43
Q

What are all the branches of the brachial a. in the arm (brachium)?

A

Profunda brachii a.

superior ulnar collateral a.

inferior ulnar collateral a.

nutrient a. of the humerus (supplies the bone)

Radial collateral a. anastomoses w/ the radial recurrent a.

44
Q

What is the role of the superior ulnar collateral a. and the inferior ulnar collateral a.?

A

supplies the elbow joint

45
Q

What’s the long pathway of getting from Brachial a. to Ulnar a. and radial a.?

A

Brachial a –> profunda brachii (posterior brachium)

Profunda Brachii splits into:

  1. ) radial collateral a. –> radial recurrent –> radial a.
  2. ) middle collateral a. –> interosseous recurrent a. –> posterior interosseus a. –> common interosseus a. –> ulnar a.
46
Q

What kind of fracture is a Supracondylar fracture? What structures would be damaged?

A

falling on outstretched hand and partially flexed elbow

median n.
brachial a.

47
Q

a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus would lead to damage of what structures?

A

axillary n.

posterior humeral circumflex a.

48
Q

A shoulder dislocation could lead to damage to what vascular or innervative structures?

A

suprascapular n.

suprascapular a.

49
Q

A mastectomy procedure could result in damage of what structures?

A

long thoracic n.

lateral thoracic a.

MSK - Final (23 decks)

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