8. The Sans-Culotte and the collapse of the Constitutional Experiemt Flashcards
Revise
What was the first Journee and what happened?
The Journee of 20 June 1792.
8,000 gathered on the anniversary of Tennis Court Oath outside of the Tuileries.
Louis wore a Bonnet Rouge and toasted the nation.
What was the outcome of the first Journee?
Had lost Louis the support of the moderates. The Girondin were suggesting Louis abdicated. Robespierre made a speech demanding for a Republic.
What other events in July 1792 increased the anti-Louis sentiment?
La Patrie en Danger called on ordinary men to defend the fatherland. Inspired greater violence and conspiracy.
The Brunswick Manifesto threatened to kill every National Guardsman it captured and that it would retaliate if any harm came to the King. This only created hatred towards the King.
What was the 2nd Journee and what happened?
20,000 Sans-Culottes and 2,000 federes marched on the Tuileries against the King’s Swiss Guard. 1,000 Sans-culottes were killed and all the Swiss Guard were killed.
What was the outcome of the 2nd Journee?
The King was ‘temporarily suspended’ and they allowed all males over 25 to vote for a new National Convention. Lafayette attempted to march on Paris and restore the Constitution but failed and fled to Austria.
What was the new National Convention?
Danton became Minister of Justice. Louis’ suspensory veto was lost and a new court was set up to prosecute traitors.
What were the causes of the September Massacre?
Proximity of the Austrian army (only 2 weeks away from Paris), the royalist rising in the Vendee and a fear of traitors in Paris (started by Danton’s house-searches and 3,000 arrests).
What happened in the September Massacre?
5 days of frenzied killing of 1,5000 prisoners. Started as federes killed refractory priests, encouraged by Marat. Spread across Paris and then the provinces. The Assembly didn’t stop their actions.
What was the outcome of the September Massacre?
Showed a weakness of the Assembly to stop the mob while it increased the power of leaders like Danton and Robespierre. Split the Girondin and Jacobin.
What political actions were happening alongside the September massacre?
Elections for the National Convention, Jacobins and extremists won in Paris while voter turnout remained low.
The National Convention began positively as there was a French victory in Valmy on its first day.
