21. The army and conquest during the Consulate and Empire Flashcards
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What military success happened in 1799-1802?
Napoleon faced Austria, Prussia and Britain. In 1800 he mounted a surprise attack against Austria, defeating them with 50,000 men.
We’re victorious in Austria again and forced Austrian’s to sign the Treaty of Luneville giving France all its former gains and land in Italy.
Also lead to the Peace of Amiens with Britain.
What were the military developments 1802-5?
Peace of Amiens, France agreed to leave the United Provinces in return for Britain’s withdrawals from colonies.
The Peace was broken as both sides broke their agreement and in 1803 Britain declared war again.
What were the military developments in 1805-8??
The 3rd Coalition was formed with Britain, Russia and Austria.
1805, Napoleon entered Vienna before crushing the Russo-Austrians at Austerlitz.
1806, Created the confederation of the Rhine, defeating Prussia and forcing them and the Russian’s to seek peace. Napoleon entered Berlin.
1807 total withdrawal of Russian troops.
Treaty of Tilsit, France gain the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia and was paid 120 million francs. Russia also agreed to join the continental system.
How was Napoleon’s army effective?
Grande Armee, very professional, promotion by merit and military training. Better weaponry such as lighter field artillery.
France had largest European population.
Use of smaller units to attack separately and live off the land.
Weakness of France’s enemies?
Had generals appointed due to nobility, conscripted soldiers and by-the-book tactics. Never fully united in their fight. However came to learn French tactics post 1808.
Reasons for Empire?
Official Empire since 1804. Napoleon wanted a common European fatherland. Saw Empire as spreading enlightenment. Saw himself as Alexander the Great. However acted like a European Royal dynasty.
