2. The impact of Enlightenment on France Flashcards
Who were the 4 main Philosophes in the Enlightenment movement?
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot.
What were the two main criticisms of the Enlightenment movement?
The organised religion and ‘chain of being’ within the church as well as the corruption of the Church.
Also criticised the ‘Divine Right’ and therefore questioned the idea of absolute monarchy.
What aspects of Enlightenment were emphasised in the movement?
Safeguarding ‘rule of law’ and liberty, including laissez-faire which is the idea of a single land tax paid by all.
How were the Enlightened ideas spread in the period?
Academies were set-up for intellectuals, Robespierre was the director of an Academy in Arras.
Around 40 Freemason lodges in France by 1744 to debate.
Salons were only restricted by intellect and therefore broke down social classes.
Literacy levels at 60% in urban France and therefore ideas could permeate the lower levels.
Pamphlets and newspapers could be accessed such as La Gazette or La Pere Duchesne written by Herbert.
Impact of the American Revolution and War of Independence?
France supplied aid from 1776. Figures such as Lafayette joined the conflict and the Declaration of independence drew upon the themes of Enlightenment. Official alliance in 1778, but costs of the war and growth in Enlightened thinking lead to a weakening of the French state.
