10. Internal and External War. Flashcards
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What happened with the spread of war between September 1792 and January 1793?
France’s Army of the North had been successful in the Austrian Netherlands and the Army of the Alps had seized Savoy and Nicce as well as parts of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. Had reached as far as Frankfurt.
Who joined the war on the 1st of February?
Britain and Portugal.
What happened in the Vendee and what was the cause?
An uprising that was triggered by the levy of 300,000 men being carried out in Angers, March 1793. A ‘Catholic and Royal Army of Vendee was formed and Cholet was seized. Massacred government figures.
What were the 7 extreme measures needed to control the internal and external war?
Committee of General Security established to take responsibility for policing and the administration of justice.
Draft of 300,000 men ordered.
82 representatives-en-mission were appointed to work in pairs and reported daily to CPS.
Revolutionary Tribunal was formed to try counter revolutionaries.
New law introduced decreed rebels found baring arms could be executed within 24 hours.
Committee of Public safety had responsibility for conduct of war, diplomacy, control of the army and application of revolutionary wars.
Why did the Sans-Culottes become increasingly militant?
War was going badly and the prices had risen.
Who joined the Sans-Culotte on their calls over grain regulation?
Robespierre to gain a political advantage.
How did Marat gain support and attack the Girondin?
Wrote articles suggesting the Girondin were bourgeois. Was tried but later aquitted which gave him support.
What were the developments of the Sans-Culotte?
May 3rd, 8,000 surrounded the convention and demanded price controls on grain and bread. 26th May Robespierre called for suspension of corrupt deputies. . Between 31st May and 2nd June, thousands besieged the convention and asking for Girondin to be expelled. June 2nd, 80-10,000 assembled around the Convention demanding they expel 29 Girondins. 75 deputies abstained and signed a protest but it only raised further suspicion.
What happened in the Federalist Revolt?
In Lyons, Jacobin leaders were expelled. Later followed in Caen, Marsaille and Toulon. 60/82 departements protested and 8 had conflicts. Opposed central control of Jacobins. Sided with Royalists and later Anglo-Spanish.
What was in the Jacobin Constitution?
Decreed that: all males could vote, every-man could express himself through direct political action, everyone was entitled to public assistance, aggressively egalitarian society was more important than the individual.
