8. Intro to Benign and Malignant Neoplasms Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to a mass or nodule
What is the difference between a neoplasm and a tumour?
Neoplasm is a lump from uncontrolled cell proliferation
Tumour is a lump due to any cause
What is a hamartoma?
An excess of tissue that is normal to the site
Haphazardly arranged but benign
What does a benign neoplasm look like macroscopically?
Round, smooth, homogenous surface
Encapsulated or surrounded by fibrous tissue
What is a benign neoplasm in squamous epithelium called?
Papilloma
What is a benign neoplasm in glandular epithelium called?
Adenoma
What is a benign neoplasm in transitional epithelium called?
Transitional papilloma
Where is a papilloma found?
Skin
Where is an adenoma found?
GIT, thyroid, ovary, breast
Where is a transitional papilloma found?
Bladder
What is a benign neoplasm of cartilage called?
Chondroma
What is a benign neoplasm of smooth muscle called?
Leiomyoma
What are the effects of a benign tumour?
Lump
Bleeding
Obstruction
Pain
Why is there no such thing as a benign lymphoid neoplasm?
By definition has access to lymph, giving it the ability to metastasise and is therefore always malignant
What is a borderline neoplasm?
Have some nuclear features that suggest malignancy but not enough to be certain of malignancy
How can you differentiate between a benign and malignant neoplasm?
Altered morphology
Architectural features
Altered function and genetic profile
Malignant often cause haemorrhage, necrosis and invasion
How is the cell different in a malignant neoplasm?
Pleomorphism (change in size and shape)
Hyperchromasia
High mitotic activity
Increase nucleus/cytoplasm ratio
How is the architecture different in a malignant neoplasm?
More haphazard layout of cells
Cells at surface are more immature
What is a metastasis?
Malignant neoplasm that has spread from the primary site to a different site
What is metaplasia?
Transformation of one mature epithelial type into another in response to a stimulus
