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FIP > 27. Molecular Pathology 2 > Flashcards

27. Molecular Pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do oncogenic viruses cause cancer?

A

Integrate into the host genome

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2
Q

What cancers are associated with HPV?

A

Cervical carcinoma

Oropharyngeal carcinoma

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3
Q

What cancers are associated with EBV?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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4
Q

What translocation is associated with follicular lymphoma?

A

t(14;18)

BCL2 gene

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5
Q

What translocation is associated with CML?

A

Philadelphia chromosome: t(9;22)

BCR-abl gene

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6
Q

What translocation is associated with GI stromal tumour?

A

c-kit

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7
Q

What translocation is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

t(8;14)

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8
Q

What sort of receptor is Her2?

A

Tyrosine kinase

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9
Q

What translocations respond to imatinib?

A

c-kit

BCR-abl

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10
Q

What are 2 types of targeted therapy?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

Small molecule inhibitors

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11
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies work?

A

Block membrane receptors

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12
Q

What letters do monoclonal antibody drugs end in?

A

-ab

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13
Q

How do small molecule inhibitors work?

A

Block signalling pathways

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14
Q

What letters do small molecule inhibitors end in?

A

-ib

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15
Q

Give a biomarker for colorectal cancer

A

KRAS

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16
Q

Give a biomarker for non small cell lung carcinoma

A

EGFR
ROS
Alk

17
Q

Give a biomarker for metastatic melanoma

A

BRAF

18
Q

How can a lack of response to a treatment be detected?

A

PET scan
Tumour markers
Molecular analysis for markers eg. translocations

19
Q

Name a targeted drug for melanoma

A

Vemurafinib

20
Q

Name a targeted drug for lung carcinoma

A

Cetuximab

21
Q

Name a targeted drug for B cell lymphoma

A

Rituximab

22
Q

How do tumour cells evade the immune system?

A

Tolerance
Local immune suppression
Mess up T cell signalling
Activate immune checkpoints to end response

23
Q

How does immune therapy work?

A

Stimulate response
or
immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors (inhibit inhibition)

24
Q

Name an immune checkpoint pathway inhibitor

A

Ipilimumab (pembro)

used in lung cancer

25
Q

What pathway is involved in immune checkpoints?

A

PD1 PDL1 pathway

FIP (36 decks)

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