20. Benign Lymphoid Proliferations Flashcards
What are the lymphoid organs of the body?
Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus BALT GALT Waldeyer's ring
What are the causes of lymphopaenia?
Acute viral infection HIV and other immune deficiency syndromes Steroids Chemo Autoimmune
What are the causes of lymphocytosis?
Viral or bacterial infection
Name a virus that can cause lymphocytosis
Mononucleosis
What bacteria can cause lymphocytosis?
TB
Whooping cough
What is leukaemia the cancer of?
Bone marrow and blood
What is lymphoma the cancer of?
Lymph nodes
What are the premalignant neoplastic disorders of blood?
Myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes
What lymphocyte marker is present on all lymphocytes?
CD45
What marker is specific to B cells?
CD20
What marker is specific to T cells?
CD3
What does ballerina skirting refer to?
Cytoplasm reaches out to touch RBCs on healthy lymphocytes
Why is it worrying to see one type of cell dominate a sample?
Could mean there is a clonal effect occurring which is likely malignant
What are the causes of a benign reactive node?
Infection Granulomas Amyloid deposits Immune reactions Storage disorders
What sort of node is more likely benign?
Soft and tender
What mechanisms might happen in a benign reactive lymph node?
Cortex follicular hyperplasia
Sinus histiocytosis
Paracortical hyperplasia
Granulomatous reactions
What type of cell is associated with 1. cortex follicular hyperplasia and 2. paracortical hyperplasia?
- B cells
2. T cells
Describe the lymph node drainage
- Afferent lymphatics
- Sub-capsular sinuses
- Cortical sinuses
- Medullary sinuses
- Efferent lymphatics
What is acute reactive lymphadenitis?
Secondary to a bacterial or viral infection in a drainage area
What is chronic reactive lymphadenitis?
Response to chronic antigen exposure
Eg. RA, sjogrens, lupus
What blood tests should be done to confirm a lymphadenopathy is benign?
FBC
CRP
LDH
viral screen
