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Anatomy > 8 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

8 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system is

A

a regulatory system

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2
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messengers

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3
Q

where are hormones carried

A

in blood

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4
Q

Endocrine system works with __________ system to maintain ________

A

nervous
homeostasis

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5
Q

what secretes hormones

A

endocrine glands

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6
Q

hormones are carried in blood to what

A

target organs

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7
Q

endocrine glands do not have ______ but exocrine glands do

A

ducts

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8
Q

what do target organs have that allow hormones to act

A

receptors

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9
Q

3 ways hormones signalled to be released

A

nerve impulses
stimulating hormone
feedback loop

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10
Q

how do nerve impulses release hormone

A

nerve impulse is sent to signal a release of hormone is needed

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11
Q

how does stimulating hormone release hormones with example

A

a specific hormone released into blood to signal other endocrine gland to release hormone e.g. signal sent to thyroid to release thyroxin

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12
Q

how does feedback loop release hormone

A

level of substance in the blood directly controls release of hormone

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13
Q

feedback loop example

A

thyroid gland have parathyroid gland which maintains calcium levels so when low will start to release more

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14
Q

main list of endocrine glands (7)

A

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes

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15
Q

gastrin secreted by

A

stomach

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16
Q

secretin secreted by

A

small intestine

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17
Q

chorionic gonadotropin secreted by

A

placenta

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18
Q

erythroprotein secreted by

A

kidneys

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19
Q

chorionic gonadotropin function

A

used to detect pregnancy

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20
Q

pituitary gland location

A

ventral to hypothalamus

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21
Q

pituitary gland function

A

secrete hormone that control other endocrine glands

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22
Q

pituitary gland process from hypothalamus to target organ

A

hypothalamus releases releasing hormone (xRH) to pituitary

pituitary gland releases stimulating hormone (xSH) to endocrine

endocrine gland releases hormone (x) to target organ

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23
Q

anterior pituitary produces (6)

A

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
GH
P

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24
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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25
Q

tsh releases what

A

thyroxin

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26
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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27
Q

ACTH releases what

A

cortisol

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28
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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29
Q

fsh does what

A

stimulates follicles to grow

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30
Q

LH

A

luteinising hormone

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31
Q

lh does what

A

reproduction

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32
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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33
Q

gh does what

A

helps growth - stimulates lengthening of bones at growth plates

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34
Q

P

A

prolactin

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35
Q

prolactin does what

A

stimulates lactation

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36
Q

posterior pituitary produces (2)

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
oxytocin

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37
Q

oxytocin functions (3)

A

milk let down
contractions of uterine muscles
bonding hormone between mum and offspring

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38
Q

adh function

A

acts in kidney to reduce water loss in urine - causes small amount of concentrated urine so water is kept in body

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39
Q

what is diabetes insipidus

A

deficient in adh so don’t produce concentrated urine
increased thirst and urine production

40
Q

how to test for diabetes insipidus

A

dipstick in urine to check how concentrated - will be very weak and mainly water

41
Q

thyroid glands location

A

either side of trachea

42
Q

thyroid glands release (2)

A

thyroid hormones
calcitonin

43
Q

thyroid hormones (2)

A

thyroxine (T4)
tri-iodothyronine (T3)

44
Q

which is active and which is reservoir out of T3 and T4

A

T3 is active form
T4 is reservoir form

45
Q

T4 is _______ into _____ once inside _____

A

converted
T3
cell

46
Q

T3 function

A

controls metabolic rate - increases functions of body such as heart rate and cellular rate of energy use

47
Q

thyroid hormone release process

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus STIMULATES thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from anterior pituitary

TSH stimulates thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones

48
Q

how is thyroid hormone release negative feedback

A

when blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase they inhibit both TSH and TRH

49
Q

hypothyroidism is

A

too little T3/T4

50
Q

hypothyroidism common in and rare in

A

common in dog and rare in cat

51
Q

hypothyroidism clinical signs (5)

A

lethargy
weight gain
slow heart rate
alopecia
cold intolerance

52
Q

hyperthyroidism is

A

too much T3/T4

53
Q

hyperthyroidism common in

A

cats

54
Q

hyperthyroidism clinical signs

A

weight loss
polyphagia (eating alot)
tachycardia
polyuria and polydipsia
diarrhoea…

55
Q

parathyroid gland location

A

at top and bottom of each thyroid gland

56
Q

parathyroid glands secrete

A

parathormone (PTH)

57
Q

which hormone increases calcium

A

parathormone (PTH) from parathyroid

58
Q

pancreas location

A

intestine

59
Q

islets of langerhans location

A

pancreas

60
Q

islets of langerhans secrete (2)

A

insulin and glucagon

61
Q

insulin function

A

secreted in response to high blood glucose levels to decrease levels

62
Q

glucagon function

A

secreted in response to low blood glucose to increase levels

63
Q

diabetes mellitus is

A

increased blood glucose levels

64
Q

diabetes mellitus are _______ and _______ to insulin

A

deficient and resistant

65
Q

diabetes mellitus clinical signs

A

polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss

66
Q

adrenal glands number

A

two

67
Q

adrenal gland location

A

cranial end of each kidney

68
Q

two parts of adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla

69
Q

adrenal medulla produces which hormones (2)

A

adrenaline
noradrenaline

70
Q

adrenal medulla produces adrenaline which aids in

A

fight or flight

71
Q

adrenaline has what affects on body

A

increase heart rate
dilation of airway
raise blood glucose

72
Q

adrenal medulla releases adrenaline through which system

A

sympathetic nervous system

73
Q

adrenal cortex releases which main hormone

A

cortisol

74
Q

what is cortisol associated with

A

stress

75
Q

what does cortisol do

A

increase blood glucose, speed and strength of heart

76
Q

process of cortisol release

A

hypothalamus produces the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

CRH stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from pituitary

ACTH stimulates release of cortisol from adrenal cortex

77
Q

adrenal cortex also produces ______ as well as cortisol

A

aldosterone

78
Q

aldosterone function

A

acts in kidney to retain sodium and increases loss of potassium

79
Q

purpose of retaining sodium and losing potassium

A

helps maintain correct blood volume and pressure

80
Q

Addison’s disease is known as

A

hypoadrenocorticism

81
Q

addisons disease is underactive or overactive

A

underactive - decrease production of cortisol

82
Q

addisons disease clinical signs

A

lethargy
weakness
inappetence

83
Q

cushing’s disease is known as

A

hypercortisolism

84
Q

cushings disease is overactive or underactive

A

overactive - increased production of cortisol

85
Q

cushings disease clinical signs

A

pot bellied appearance
calcium deposits
tumours in pituitary or adrenal glands
PUPD
lethargy
skin changes
high blood pressure

86
Q

when sexually mature where does ova develop

A

follicles

87
Q

after ovulation follicles become

A

corpus luteum

88
Q

oestrogen location

A

developing follicle

89
Q

progesterone location

A

corpus luteum

90
Q

hypothalamus produces _________

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

91
Q

GnRH stimulates _______

A

anterior pituitary

92
Q

Anterior pituitary produces (2)

A

follicle stimulating hormone
luteinising hormone

93
Q

FSH stimulates

A

oestrogen

94
Q

LH stimulates

A

progesterone

95
Q

oestrogen function

A

prepare body for mating

96
Q

progesterone function

A

prepares body for pregnancy

97
Q

at sexual maturity what secretes testosterone

A

leydig cells

Anatomy (15 decks)

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