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Anatomy > 4b - Skeletal System; Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

4b - Skeletal System; Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton components (4)

A

skull bones
vertebral column
ribs
sternum

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2
Q

skull functions (4)

A
  • house and protection for brain and sense
    organs
  • house attachment for digestive system
    -provide cavity for air to enter body
    -communication
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3
Q

3 areas of skull

A

cranium
nasal chambers and maxilla
mandible

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4
Q

maxilla is

A

upper jaw

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5
Q

mandible is

A

lower jaw

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6
Q

cranium is

A

bony case protecting brain

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7
Q

cranium bones (8)

A

parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital
sphenoid
saggital crest
zygomatic arch
lacrimal

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8
Q

parietal location (cranium)

A

dorsal, lateral

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9
Q

temporal location (cranium)

A

below parietal bone
tympanic bulla (ear)

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10
Q

frontal location (cranium)

A

front of cranium (forehead)

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11
Q

occipital location (cranium)

A

back of skull (caudal)

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12
Q

sphenoid location (cranium)

A

ventral

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13
Q

saggital crest location (cranium)

A

dorsal midline

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14
Q

zygomatic arch location (cranium)

A

cheekbone

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15
Q

lacrimal location (cranium)

A

eye - tears

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16
Q

nasal chambers location

A

rostral part of skull

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17
Q

nasal chambers is divided…

A

in 2 (left and right)

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18
Q

what divides the nasal chambers

A

nasal septum (vomer)

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19
Q

each nasal chamber is filled with

A

turbinates

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20
Q

paranasal sinuses are

A

air filled cavities in bone

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21
Q

number of paranasal sinuses in dogs

A

2

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22
Q

paranasal sinuses location

A

frontal sinus in frontal bone (one either side)
maxillary in maxilla

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23
Q

when paranasal sinuses inflamed can cause

A

pain in head and teeth due to location of sinuses

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24
Q

hyoid apparatus structure and location

A

trapeze structure
hangs from skull
tongue attached one side, larynx attached the other

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25
Q

skull shapes (3)

A

brachycephalic (small; pug)
mesophalic (average; labrador)
dolichocephalic (narrow shape nose; greyhound)

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26
Q

vertebral column is

A

vertebrae arranged in series from base of skull to tip of tail

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27
Q

vertebral column function

A

protect and house spinal cord

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28
Q

vertebrae base structure components (6 -see image drawn for visual representation )

A

neural arch
spinous process
spinal cord
articular process
body
transverse process

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29
Q

vertebrae - transverse process location

A

side

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30
Q

vertebrae - cranial articular process location

A

towards head, join vertebrae in front

31
Q

vertebrae - caudal articular process location

A

towards tail, join vertebrae behind

32
Q

vertebrae - spinous process location

A

top

33
Q

vertebrae regions (5)

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
caudal

cunts, twats, lumbago, shithead, cd

34
Q

vertebral column formula

A

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd 20-23

35
Q

cervical vertebrae number

A

7

36
Q

c1 is the…

A

atlas

37
Q

c2 is the…

A

axis

38
Q

c1 structure

A

no body or spinous process
2 large lateral wings (transverse processes)

39
Q

c1 joined with

A

skull

40
Q

c2 structure

A

blade-like spinal process

41
Q

c2 is a point of…

A

attachment for neck muscles

42
Q

the ______ rotates on the ______ allowing for ______

A

atlas
axis
head rotation

43
Q

thoracic vertebrae number

A

13

44
Q

thoracic vertebrae forms joints with

A

13 pairs of ribs on either side of the vertebrae body

45
Q

thoracic structure

A

short body and tall spinous processes
short transverse processes

46
Q

lumbar vertebrae number

A

7

47
Q

lumbar structure

A

longer bodies than thoracic
larger transverse processes

48
Q

lumbar large transverse process for

A

strong muscle attachment in abdomen

49
Q

which vertebrae region does the spinal cord end

A

lumbar

50
Q

sacral vertebrae number

A

3

51
Q

sacral vertebrae formation

A

fused together

52
Q

sacral forms joint with

A

pelvis (attached to wings)

53
Q

caudal vertebrae number

A

20-23

54
Q

caudal structure

A

first few same as lumbar
then vary in shape progressively smaller until small bone at end of tail

55
Q

dog vs cat spine

A

dog spine = straight and solid
cat spine = diagphragmatic hump (flexible)

56
Q

ribs number

A

13 pairs

57
Q

ribs bone type

A

flat

58
Q

ribs formation

A

dorsal bony and ventral cartilage

59
Q

costal cartilage is

A

the cartilage on the end of bony rib

60
Q

ribs dorsally articulate with

A

thoracic vertebrae

61
Q

ribs ventrally - sternal ribs number

A

1-8

62
Q

ribs ventrally - asternal ribs number

A

9-12

63
Q

ribs ventrally - floating ribs number

A

13

64
Q

sternal ribs articulate with

A

sternum

65
Q

asternal ribs touch….

A

cartilage of rib in front forming the costal arch

66
Q

floating ribs….

A

cartilaginous ends lie free in muscle wall

67
Q

costal arch can be seen

A

ventrally

68
Q

sternum is

A

short cylindrical bone that forms floor of rib cage

69
Q

sternabrae number

A

8

70
Q

1st sternabrae called

A

manubrium

71
Q

8th sternebrae called

A

xiphoid process

72
Q

xiphoid process structure

A

long and flat

73
Q

position of sternum in relation to ribs

A

lie below the ribs and joins to the first 8 pairs

Anatomy (15 decks)

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